Leadership and the Theory of Metacommunication

Effective leadership communication goes beyond the study and process of organizational communication. The purpose of this research is to conceptualize effective leadership communication as a multifaceted concept that is best understood from its diverse perspectives concurrently. In order to illuminate this concept, the term metacommunication will be coined, borrowing from Freud\u27s metapsychology theory. The metacommunication theory informs the study of leadership emergence, development, and effectiveness by looking at the phenomenon in a holistic manner. The leader as CAS along with the environmental factors effecting leadership is better viewed and understood by acknowledging and respecting the complexity of the human condition. Through this analysis, the metacommunication network of inter and intra-actions is brought to the forefront of the leadership phenomenon by calling attention to the fact that effective leadership has non-linear motilities that cannot be understood via reductionism. The major implications of the theory are that effectiveness is gained through the integration of the CAS with his/her environment. The CAS must: strategically cultivate the environment to increase opportunities for goal attainment; understand social constructs based on irrational schema; increase his/her aptitude for critical thinking, and finally engage in CAS threatening self-examination to unlock the human potential in self and others

Financial Deepening and Inflation in Nigeria: An Open Economy Model Approach*

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the short-run and long-run impact of financial deepening on inflation in Nigeria from 1980 to 2012 using open economy model. Data was collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2012) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Volume index. The study employed the use of Auto-regressive Distributed Lag Model (coefficient Diagnostic Wald test and Variance Decomposition Test), to enable us achieve our objectives. The result shows that import volume index (IMPV) and exchange rate (EXCR) in lags 1 & 2 respectively are significant to explain variations in the consumer price index (CPI) in the short-run while all other variable have no significant impact on CPI. Also the short –run result indicates that financial deepening variables; MS2/GDP ratio (Fd1) and PSC/GDP ratio (Fd2) have no significant impact on consumer price index. While in the long-run, import volume index (impv), prime lending rate (prim) and exchange rate (excr) are significant with P-values of 0.0002, 0.0017 and 0.0010 respectively.  The coefficients of FD1(-1)  and FD2(-1) designated with C(16) and C(17) was tested together using Wald Coefficient Diagnostic Test to see the impact of financial depth on the price level, and the result indicates a positive and significant impact of financial deepening on Consumer Price Index (CPI).  Meaning that, increase in money supply to GDP ratio (MS2/GDP) and private sector credit to GDP ratio (PSC/GDP) together generated consequent increases in price. The variance decomposition test indicates that shocks to FD1 can rarely cause variation in price level while shocks to PSC/GDP ratio (FD2) can cause variations in prices more than any other variable both in the short-run and long – run. Standing on our findings, appropriate monetary and exchange rate policies should be ensured as Nigeria move towards achieving her financial depth goals by the year 2020. Keywords: financial deepening, Money supply, Private sector credit, Real Gross Domestic Product, Autoregressive model, inflation, Classical Economics, financial Development.

Maximising the global health impact of future HIV cure-related interventions through advance planning

Thinking about public health impact should inform HIV curative investigations. Should an effective HIV cure or sustained viral remission intervention emerge from ongoing investigations, implementation strategies aimed at ensuring global access will be needed if these approaches are to be impactful, and planning accordingly makes sense now. Specifically, we discuss three key access barriers to future cure-related interventions: high cost of the strategy; non-financial challenges to procurement, distribution and point-of-care delivery; and non-adherence and the need for long-term monitoring. As we argue, plans and decision-making for overcoming each of these barriers will need to be developed in advance. An evaluation of remaining barriers and likely global impact of the leading strategies under investigation should inform decisions on which strategy might receive funding priority. Among the strategies being investigated, implementation barriers for latency-reversing agents, immunotherapy and combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be overcome on a global scale with some effort. Overcoming implementation barriers for medically complex and high-risk interventions, such as stem cell and, to some degree, gene therapy, may be less feasible

Agricultural Best Management Practices and Treatment Wetlands in the Gabilan Watershed: Project Asessment and Evaluation Plan

Several local groups have come together for this project to addresses water quality concerns in the Gabilan Watershed – also known as the Reclamation Ditch Watershed (Fig. 1.1). These are Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML), the Resource Conservation District of Monterey County (RCDMC), Central Coast Watershed Studies (CCoWS), Return of the Natives (RON), Community Alliance with Family Farmers (CAFF), and Coastal Conservation and Research (CC&R). The primary goal is to reduce non-point source pollution – particularly suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides – and thereby improve near-shore coastal waters of Moss Landing Harbor and the Monterey Bay. (Document contains 33 pages

A Positive Relationship Between Religious Faith and Forgiveness: Faith in the Absence of Data?

Religious faith and beliefs appear to play an important role in the lives of many individuals and are the topic of much research. The present study investigated the relationship between religious faith and forgiveness in a sample (n = 196) of college students. Students were asked to complete the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. Analyses of scores on both measures revealed a positive, significant correlation between these constructs, suggesting that there is a meaningful relationship between religious faith and the tendency to forgive. Implications and directions for further research are discussed

Time, timing, talking and training : findings from an exploratory action research study to improve quality of end of life care for minority ethnic kidney patients

Background. With an ageing and increasingly diverse population at risk from rising levels of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including kidney complications, there is a need to provide quality care at all stages in the care pathway including at the end of life and to all patients. Aim. This study purposively explored South Asian patients' experiences of kidney end of life care to understand how services can be delivered in a way that meets diverse patient needs. Methods. Within an action research design 14 focus groups (45 care providers) of kidney care providers discussed the recruitment and analysis of individual interviews with 16 South Asian kidney patients (eight men, eight women). Emergent themes from the focus groups were analysed thematically. The research took place at four UK centres providing kidney care to diverse populations: West London, Luton, Leicester and Bradford. Results. Key themes related to time and the timing of discussions about end of life care and the factors that place limitations on patients and providers in talking about end of life care. Lack of time and confidence of nurses in areas of kidney care, individual attitudes and workforce composition influence whether and how patients have access to end of life care through kidney services. Conclusion. Training, team work and time to discuss overarching issues (including timing and communication about end of life) with colleagues could support service providers to facilitate access and delivery of end of life care to this group of patients.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Oxo-aglaiastatin-mediated inhibition of translation initiation

We thank Dr. Elias George (McGill University) for the kind gift of Pgp-1-expressing HeLa cells. RIM was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the Cole Foundation. This research was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148366) to JP. J.A.P., Jr. is supported by NIH Grant R35 GM118173. Work at the Boston University Center for Molecular Discovery is supported by Grant R24 GM111625. (Cole Foundation; FDN-148366 - Canadian Institutes of Health Research; R35 GM118173 - NIH; R24 GM111625)Published versionSupporting documentatio

Rocaglates as dual-targeting agents for experimental cerebral malaria

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe and rapidly progressing complication of infection by Plasmodium parasites that is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Treatment options are currently few, and intervention with artemisinin (Art) has limited efficacy, a problem that is compounded by the emergence of resistance to Art in Plasmodium parasites. Rocaglates are a class of natural products derived from plants of the Aglaia genus that have been shown to interfere with eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A), ultimately blocking initiation of protein synthesis. Here, we show that the rocaglate CR-1-31B perturbs association of Plasmodium falciparum eIF4A (PfeIF4A) with RNA. CR-1-31B shows potent prophylactic and therapeutic antiplasmodial activity in vivo in mouse models of infection with Plasmodium berghei (CM) and Plasmodium chabaudi (blood-stage malaria), and can also block replication of different clinical isolates of P. falciparum in human erythrocytes infected ex vivo, including drug-resistant P. falciparum isolates. In vivo, a single dosing of CR-1-31B in P. berghei-infected animals is sufficient to provide protection against lethality. CR-1-31B is shown to dampen expression of the early proinflammatory response in myeloid cells in vitro and dampens the inflammatory response in vivo in P. berghei-infected mice. The dual activity of CR-1-31B as an antiplasmodial and as an inhibitor of the inflammatory response in myeloid cells should prove extremely valuable for therapeutic intervention in human cases of CM.We thank Susan Gauthier, Genevieve Perreault, and Patrick Senechal for technical assistance. This work was supported by a research grant (to P.G.) from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (Foundation Grant). J.P. and P.G. are supported by a James McGill Professorship salary award. D.L. is supported by fellowships from the Fonds de recherche sante Quebec, the CIHR Neuroinflammation training program. J.P. is supported by CIHR Research Grant FDN-148366. M.S. is supported by a CIHR Foundation grant. J.A.P. is supported by NIH Grant R35 GM118173. Work at the Boston University Center for Molecular Discovery is supported by Grant R24 GM111625. K.C.K. was supported by a CIHR Foundation Grant and the Canada Research Chair program. (Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); James McGill Professorship salary award; Fonds de recherche sante Quebec; CIHR Neuroinflammation training program; FDN-148366 - CIHR Research Grant; CIHR Foundation grant; R35 GM118173 - NIH; Canada Research Chair program; R24 GM111625