Investigating The Impact Of Offset Fracture Hits Using Rate Transient Analysis In The Bakken And Three Forks Formation, Divide County, North Dakota

The common development plan for operators in the Williston Basin has been to initially drill and complete one well in order to hold a 1280 acre spacing unit. Once acreage is secure across the asset, operators return to each spacing unit and drill infill wells. By the time infill wells are drilled, reservoir depletion from the original (parent) well can be observed within the spacing unit. Reservoir depletion increases the likelihood of existing wells experiencing inter- communication when infill wells are hydraulically fractured. Such inter-well communication, or frac-hits, often have detrimental effects on existing wells. As such, understanding the effect of well timing and spacing on overall spacing unit performance is of critical importance when determining an appropriate development plan. Rate transient analysis (RTA) is an effective way to quantify the impact of offset frac hits, providing changes in reservoir properties such as stimulated rock volume (SRV) and well productivity. This study used pseudo normalized pressure versus material balance square root of time plots in order to determine the impact of offset frac hits on existing wells. The slope of the superposition time plot is inversely proportional to A_c â(k ) , which offers a good metric for early time well productivity and completion effectiveness. Superposition time plots were created, and a production lookback was performed on 71 operated wells in northern Divide County, North Dakota. Changes observed in reservoir properties and production performance were used to determine appropriate well spacing and infill timing. In addition, this study conducted a look back economic evaluation for 71 wells and 15 spacing units, using current commodity pricing, to assess the investment efficiencies of each project. Results from rate transient analysis, production analysis, and the economic evolution indicate that 5 â 6 wells is the optimal wells spacing per 1280 acre spacing unit within the study area

Antigone’s Ghosts: The Long Legacy of War and Genocide in Five Countries

Mark A. Wolfgram Antigone’s Ghosts: The Long Legacy of War and Genocide in Five Countries Bucknell University Press, 2019, 304 pp

Who Fights First: Grievances, Community and Collective Action

In this article I examine the participation of the earliest entrants in the War in Croatia (1991-1995). I address the greed/grievance debate within the conflict literature by demonstrating that measuring grievances at the macro level misses the micro level processes involved in mobilization. Using interviews with 21 Croatian war veterans, I look at who fought first, comparing the initial differences between early and later participants, those who joined before June 25, 1991, and those that joined after. I argue that early joiners belonged to a bounded community of those disaffected with Yugoslavia and Communism; however, these grievances alone do not explain their participation, rather it was an individual’s inclusion in the dissident community and the social relationships within that community that clarify how the first participants were mobilized. The findings show that all but one of the earliest joiners who joined through a social connection belonged to Croatia’s dissident community and were from families that supported NDH. The other joiners joined by themselves after encountering violence from the fighting first hand. The majority of the later joiners joined after experiencing violence as well. Two of the three who joined through a social connection were also part of the dissident community and from NDH associated families

Mobilizing the Caliphate: ISIS and the Conflict in Iraq and Syria

This paper looks at the organization Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). It argues against the prevailing view that ISIS is a part of the Global Salafi Jihad, finding instead that ISIS is a product of the sectarian strife in Iraq and Syria. While many may assume that ISIS’s supporters are little more than fanatical jihadists, I argue that given what we know about other domestic conflicts, ISIS members are more likely to join the fighting as a result of material incentives and the consequences of violence itself. Using daily interval event data I show that ISIS is more a sectarian insurgency than an international terror organization. I then explore the ways in which the conflict in Iraq and Syria helps ISIS solve its collective action problem. I find that Shia violence against Sunnis, ISIS’s material resources, and ability to govern all contribute to the likely growth of, at least, tacit support for ISIS among Sunni communities in Iraq and Syria

The Relationship between Violence and Participation in Armed Conflict: Evidence from Croatia’s Homeland War

This paper systematically and empirically explores participation in the first 10 ‎months of the Croatian Homeland War through theories of collective action. ‎It tests the theory that in the face of indiscriminate violence, individuals will ‎choose to participate in a conflict through joining an armed organization that‎ can provide them with the resources to better survive. I hypothesize that as‎ violence increases in a given area, the number of individuals joining the Croatian‎ military forces will also increase. Using a dataset of daily event data and‎ the number of participants per municipality, I test this hypothesis in a generalized ‎linear model. The results show a significant relationship exists between ‎violent events and increased participation.

Why do they fight? Explaining participation in the War in Croatia

This project explains voluntary participation in the War in Croatia, using a data set of daily interval event data and interviews with Croatian war veterans. It challenges the previous findings of macro level based research on conflict and the literature's emphasis on material incentives as the prime motive for individual participation in war. Conversely, my findings show that the biggest influence on mass participation was the escalation of violent events. Using a generalized linear model I observe significant differences in the number of violent events in each of Croatia's 120 municipalities and the number of individuals who enlisted in the Croat armed forces. Secondly, I show that the earliest joiners belonged to Croatia's dissident community; however, rather than observing these individuals' grievances as the most crucial variable in their decision to participate, I show that in fact, the first fighters joined as a result of social incentives and pressures. Finally, I test the early months of the conflict and show that the fighting was stable. I then explain why the conflict remained in equilibrium by looking at disincentives local and central elites had in reestablishing peace. In the end I reveal that while material incentives were unimportant in mobilizing individuals at the mass level, war profiteering at the elite level provides us with a better understanding of why once started, the conflict was unlikely to stop

Pedigree Validation Using Genetic Markers in an Intensively-Managed Taonga Species, the Critically Endangered Kakī (\u3cem\u3eHimantopus novaezelandiae\u3c/em\u3e)

Many species recovery programmes use pedigrees to understand the genetic ancestry of individuals to inform conservation management. However, incorrect parentage assignment may limit the accuracy of these pedigrees and subsequent management decisions. This is especially relevant for pedigrees that include wild individuals, where misassignment may not only be attributed to human error, but also promiscuity (i.e. extra-pair parentage) or egg-dumping (i.e. brood parasitism). Here, we evaluate pedigree accuracy in the socially monogamous and critically endangered kakī (black stilt, Himantopus novaezelandiae) using microsatellite allele-exclusion analyses for 56 wild family groups across three breeding seasons (2014–2016, n= 340). We identified 16 offspring where parentage was incorrectly assigned, representing 5.9% of all offspring. Of the 16 misassigned offspring, three can be attributed to non-kakī brood parasitism, one can be assigned to human error, but others cannot be readily distinguished between non-monogamous mating behaviours and human error. In the short term, we advise the continued use of microsatellites to identify misassigned offspring in the kakī pedigree, and to verify non-kakī brood parasitism. We also recommend the Department of Conservation’s Kakī Recovery Programme further evaluate the implications of pedigree error to the management of this critically endangered taonga species

Pattern of Islamist Activism in Egypt: Structural Correlations and Relative Deprivation

This project explores the structural contributors to the rise of Islamist activism in Egypt in the 1970s by working out of the theoretical framework of relative deprivation. This paper explains how the modernizing reforms in Egypt during the Nasser regime contributed to an increase in value expectations and value capabilities among the Egyptian populace. This attempt at broad modernization laid the groundwork for mass participation in politics and the mobilized, political discontent that emerged during the economic crises of the 1970s. The reduction of state services during the infitah was replaced by charitable organizations from the Islamic sector of Egyptian society. By replacing the services of the state, the Islamist movement was able to capitalize on public dissatisfaction towards Egypt's leaders, and orient large swaths of the Egyptian public towards the Islamist ideology.Political Scienc

Tvitovi i mobilizacija: teorija kolektivnog djelovanja i društveni mediji

This article examines the relationship between social protest and social media from the theoretical perspective of the Collective Action Research Program. While the literature shows strong empirical evidence for a positive relationship between social media use and incidents of social protest, the theoretical underpinnings of this relationship remain contested and often unspecified. In order to provide a stronger theoretical basis for this relationship this paper explores theories of collective action, focusing on how social media can assist in solving the dissident collective action problem. It argues that using collective action theory to understand social media and protest can better inform our understanding of how and why social media shares a positive relationship with incidents of social protest.Ovaj rad ispituje odnos između građanskih prosvjeda i društvenih medija iz perspektive istraživačkog programa kolektivnog djelovanja. Dok literatura ukazuje na snažne empirijske dokaze o pozitivnom odnosu između upotrebe društvenih medija i pojave građanskih prosvjeda, teorijsko je podupiranje ovog odnosa osporavano i često neodređeno. Nastojeći pružiti snažniju teorijsku osnovu za taj odnos, ovaj rad istražuje teorije kolektivnog djelovanja fokusirajući se na društvene medije i njihovu ulogu u rješavanju problema kolektivnog djelovanja onih koji se suprotstavljaju službenoj politici. Rad promišlja kako upotreba teorije kolektivnog djelovanja za razumijevanje društvenih medija i prosvjeda može poslužiti boljem razumijevanju pozitivnog odnosa između društvenih medija i pojave građanskih prosvjeda