Warren County, Kentucky Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Analysis

This report presents the results of a Commodity Flow Analysis of Hazardous Materials for I-65 and the William H. Natcher Parkway conducted by Western Kentucky University in partnership with the Warren County (Kentucky) Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC). Kentucky counties within the study area include Warren, Simpson, Edmonson, Butler, Barren, and Hart. Figure 1 shows the sections of I-65 and Natcher Parkway that run through these counties. The purpose of our report is to give information on patterns of hazardous materials being transported along I-65 and Natcher Parkway as observed from May 24th 2010 to June 18th 2010. A secondary purpose is to summarize incidents involving hazardous materials over the previous ten years (January 2001-2009). Finally, this report assesses survey information collected from fixed facilities that ship and receive hazardous materials in the I-65 and Natcher Parkway corridors. Commodity flow analysis is necessary in order for the LEPC to prepare for future hazardous material releases that may occur along this section of I-65 and Natcher Parkway. Data collected from this study will aid the emergency planning process for specific hazardous materials that were observed to frequent the study area during the study period

Connections: A Journal of Public Education Advocacy - Fall 2004, Vol. 11, No. 1

ContentsPresident's Message: Wendy D. Puriefoy says we need a narrative that informs and inspires a new national movement to support high-quality public education for every child.Linda Darling-Hammond on our Confused Priorities: The Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Teaching and Teacher Education at Stanford University questions why our nation does not give education a priority.Bob Edgar on the Faith Community's Role in Education: The head of the National Council of Churches explains why the faith community needs to take a leadership role in education reform.Conversations: David Gergen, editor-at-large for US News and World Report and director of the Center for Public Leadership at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, leads a wide-ranging discussion on the need for a national education movement.Making It Happen: Patricia Albjerg Graham thinks it's about time our system of public education catches up to our expectations.ViewpointSarita Brown exposes Hispanic myths and the growing influence of this vital segment of the populationDavid Dodson wants all children to tap into the optimism and success that is America, and to have the tools and opportunities to do soRoger Wilkins talks about the power of education and the insidious impact of racism on the lives of black AmericansEnd Notes: Lee Kravitz reminds us that words have power and that strong messages move people to action

Anomaly Detection for Next-Generation Space Launch Ground Operations

NASA is developing new capabilities that will enable future human exploration missions while reducing mission risk and cost. The Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery (FDIR) project aims to demonstrate the utility of integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) tools in the domain of ground support equipment (GSE) to be used for the next generation launch vehicles. In addition to demonstrating the utility of IVHM tools for GSE, FDIR aims to mature promising tools for use on future missions and document the level of effort - and hence cost - required to implement an application with each selected tool. One of the FDIR capabilities is anomaly detection, i.e., detecting off-nominal behavior. The tool we selected for this task uses a data-driven approach. Unlike rule-based and model-based systems that require manual extraction of system knowledge, data-driven systems take a radically different approach to reasoning. At the basic level, they start with data that represent nominal functioning of the system and automatically learn expected system behavior. The behavior is encoded in a knowledge base that represents "in-family" system operations. During real-time system monitoring or during post-flight analysis, incoming data is compared to that nominal system operating behavior knowledge base; a distance representing deviation from nominal is computed, providing a measure of how far "out of family" current behavior is. We describe the selected tool for FDIR anomaly detection - Inductive Monitoring System (IMS), how it fits into the FDIR architecture, the operations concept for the GSE anomaly monitoring, and some preliminary results of applying IMS to a Space Shuttle GSE anomaly

Glutathione and Bcl-2 targeting facilitates elimination by chemoradiotherapy of human A375 melanoma xenografts overexpressing bcl-xl, bcl-2, and mcl-1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bcl-2 is believed to contribute to melanoma chemoresistance. However, expression of Bcl-2 proteins may be different among melanomas. Thus correlations among expression of Bcl-2-related proteins and <it>in vivo </it>melanoma progression, and resistance to combination therapies, was investigated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Human A375 melanoma was injected s.c. into immunodeficient nude mice. Protein expression was studied in tumor samples obtained by laser microdisection. Transfection of siRNA or ectopic overexpression were applied to manipulate proteins which are up- or down-regulated, preferentially, during melanoma progression. Anti-<it>bcl</it>-2 antisense oligonucleotides and chemoradiotherapy (glutathione-depleting agents, paclitaxel protein-binding particles, daunorubicin, X rays) were administered in combination.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>In vivo </it>A375 cells down-regulated pro-apoptotic <it>bax </it>expression; and up-regulated anti-apoptotic <it>bcl-2</it>, <it>bcl-xl</it>, and <it>mcl-1</it>, however only Bcl-2 appeared critical for long-term tumor cell survival and progression <it>in vivo</it>. Reduction of Bcl-2, combined with partial therapies, decreased melanoma growth. But only Bcl-2 targeting plus the full combination of chemoradiotherapy eradicated A375 melanoma, and led to long-term survival (> 120 days) without recurrence in 80% of mice. Tumor regression was not due to immune stimulation. Hematology and clinical chemistry data were within accepted clinical toxicities.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Strategies to target Bcl-2, may increase the effectiveness of antitumor therapies against melanomas overexpressing Bcl-2 and likely other Bcl-2-related antiapoptotic proteins.</p

On the alleged simplicity of impure proof

Roughly, a proof of a theorem, is “pure” if it draws only on what is “close” or “intrinsic” to that theorem. Mathematicians employ a variety of terms to identify pure proofs, saying that a pure proof is one that avoids what is “extrinsic,” “extraneous,” “distant,” “remote,” “alien,” or “foreign” to the problem or theorem under investigation. In the background of these attributions is the view that there is a distance measure (or a variety of such measures) between mathematical statements and proofs. Mathematicians have paid little attention to specifying such distance measures precisely because in practice certain methods of proof have seemed self- evidently impure by design: think for instance of analytic geometry and analytic number theory. By contrast, mathematicians have paid considerable attention to whether such impurities are a good thing or to be avoided, and some have claimed that they are valuable because generally impure proofs are simpler than pure proofs. This article is an investigation of this claim, formulated more precisely by proof- theoretic means. After assembling evidence from proof theory that may be thought to support this claim, we will argue that on the contrary this evidence does not support the claim

Re-evaluating Adjuvant Breast Cancer Trials: Assessing Hormone Receptor Status by Immunohistochemical Versus Extraction Assays

Background: Tumor levels of steroid hormone receptors, a factor used to select adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer, are currently determined with immunohistochemical assays. These assays have a discordance of 10%-30% with previously used extraction assays. We assessed the concordance and predictive value of hormone receptor status as determined by immunohistochemical and extraction assays on specimens from International Breast Cancer Study Group Trials VIII and IX. These trials predominantly used extraction assays and compared adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy with endocrine therapy alone among pre- and postmenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer. Trial conclusions were that combination therapy provided a benefit to pre- and postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors but not to ER-positive postmenopausal patients. ER-positive premenopausal patients required further study. Methods: Tumor specimens from 571 premenopausal and 976 postmenopausal patients on which extraction assays had determined ER and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels before randomization from October 1, 1988, through October 1, 1999, were re-evaluated with an immunohistochemical assay in a central pathology laboratory. The endpoint was disease-free survival. Hazard ratios of recurrence or death for treatment comparisons were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models, and discriminatory ability was evaluated with the c index. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Concordance of hormone receptor status determined by both assays ranged from 74% (κ = 0.48) for PgR among postmenopausal patients to 88% (κ = 0.66) for ER in postmenopausal patients. Hazard ratio estimates were similar for the association between disease-free survival and ER status (among all patients) or PgR status (among postmenopausal patients) as determined by the two methods. However, among premenopausal patients treated with endocrine therapy alone, the discriminatory ability of PgR status as determined by immunohistochemical assay was statistically significantly better (c index = 0.60 versus 0.51; P = .003) than that determined by extraction assay, and so immunohistochemically determined PgR status could predict disease-free survival. Conclusions: Trial conclusions in which ER status (for all patients) or PgR status (for postmenopausal patients) was determined by immunohistochemical assay supported those determined by extraction assays. However, among premenopausal patients, trial conclusions drawn from PgR status differed—immunohistochemically determined PgR status could predict response to endocrine therapy, unlike that determined by the extraction assa

The Vehicle, Spring 1993

1993 Commemorative Edition: Celebrating 35 Years Table of Contents The Vehicle Editors\u27 Lineagepage 5 Milestonespage 6 THE SIXTIES Coverspage 7 Editors\u27 Notespage 8 Sureness is Never - excerptDon Shepardsonpage 9 SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 10 A SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 11 The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 11 Opposite AttractionsC.E.M. (Christine McColl)page 12 John F. KennedyJoel E. Hendrickspage 13 The Girl on the White PonyLarry Gatespage 14 The TimesW.D.M. (William Moser)page 16 Home ThoughtsJane Careypage 17 1966Roger Zulaufpage 18 Nagging ThoughtJanet Andrewspage 18 THE SEVENTIES Coverspage 19 Editors\u27 Notespage 20 RevolutionsSteve Siegelpage 21 UntitledKristine Kirkhampage 23 The Arithmetic ProblemJanice Forbuspage 23 Willie Seeverson Threw a Worm at MeMary Pipekpage 24 a love poem (by approximation)Ted Baldwinpage 25 Night and Summer in Two WorldsBarry Smithpage 26 Story of a Teenage PickleTerry Louis Schultzpage 27 Danny Lonely, Danny WildDevin Brownpage 28 Always TomorrowMary McDanielpage 29 THE EIGHTIES Coverspage 31 Having ChildrenDevon Flesorpage 33 What is Unnatural Is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 34 If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 35 Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 36 Poet Born in Pearl HarborAngelique Jenningspage 37 The History of High School BasketballPatrick Peterspage 38 Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 39 Cover LetterBob Zordanipage 40 Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 41 MigrationPatrick Peterspage 42 THE NINETIES Ba, Ba, Black SheepVictoria Bennettpage 45 Daily LessonsJennifer Moropage 49 Folding My OwnLaurie Ann Malispage 51 About the Authorspage 53 Editors\u27 Notespage 56https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1062/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Spring 1993

1993 Commemorative Edition: Celebrating 35 Years Table of Contents The Vehicle Editors\u27 Lineagepage 5 Milestonespage 6 THE SIXTIES Coverspage 7 Editors\u27 Notespage 8 Sureness is Never - excerptDon Shepardsonpage 9 SophisticationBenjamin Polkpage 10 A SonnetMignon Stricklandpage 11 The Twenty-Third ChannelBen Polkpage 11 Opposite AttractionsC.E.M. (Christine McColl)page 12 John F. KennedyJoel E. Hendrickspage 13 The Girl on the White PonyLarry Gatespage 14 The TimesW.D.M. (William Moser)page 16 Home ThoughtsJane Careypage 17 1966Roger Zulaufpage 18 Nagging ThoughtJanet Andrewspage 18 THE SEVENTIES Coverspage 19 Editors\u27 Notespage 20 RevolutionsSteve Siegelpage 21 UntitledKristine Kirkhampage 23 The Arithmetic ProblemJanice Forbuspage 23 Willie Seeverson Threw a Worm at MeMary Pipekpage 24 a love poem (by approximation)Ted Baldwinpage 25 Night and Summer in Two WorldsBarry Smithpage 26 Story of a Teenage PickleTerry Louis Schultzpage 27 Danny Lonely, Danny WildDevin Brownpage 28 Always TomorrowMary McDanielpage 29 THE EIGHTIES Coverspage 31 Having ChildrenDevon Flesorpage 33 What is Unnatural Is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 34 If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 35 Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 36 Poet Born in Pearl HarborAngelique Jenningspage 37 The History of High School BasketballPatrick Peterspage 38 Banana BreadGail Bowerpage 39 Cover LetterBob Zordanipage 40 Home MoviesBob Zordanipage 41 MigrationPatrick Peterspage 42 THE NINETIES Ba, Ba, Black SheepVictoria Bennettpage 45 Daily LessonsJennifer Moropage 49 Folding My OwnLaurie Ann Malispage 51 About the Authorspage 53 Editors\u27 Notespage 56https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1062/thumbnail.jp

Comprehensive Molecular and Clinicopathologic Analysis of 200 Pulmonary Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinomas Identifies Distinct Characteristics of Molecular Subtypes

PURPOSE: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a unique subtype of lung adenocarcinoma, characterized genomically by frequent KRAS mutations or specific gene fusions, most commonly involving NRG1. Comprehensive analysis of a large series of IMAs using broad DNA- and RNA-sequencing methods is still lacking, and it remains unclear whether molecular subtypes of IMA differ clinicopathologically. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 200 IMAs were analyzed by 410-gene DNA next-generation sequencing (MSK-IMPACT; n = 136) or hotspot 8-oncogene genotyping (n = 64). Driver-negative cases were further analyzed by 62-gene RNA sequencing (MSK-Fusion) and those lacking fusions were further tested by whole-exome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS). RESULTS: Combined MSK-IMPACT and MSK-Fusion testing identified mutually exclusive driver alterations in 96% of IMAs, including KRAS mutations (76%), NRG1 fusions (7%), ERBB2 alterations (6%), and other less common events. In addition, WTS identified a novel NRG2 fusion (F11R-NRG2). Overall, targetable gene fusions were identified in 51% of KRAS wild-type IMAs, leading to durable responses to targeted therapy in some patients. Compared with KRAS-mutant IMAs, NRG1-rearranged tumors exhibited several more aggressive characteristics, including worse recurrence-free survival (P \u3c 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest molecular study of IMAs to date, where we demonstrate the presence of a major oncogenic driver in nearly all cases. This study is the first to document more aggressive characteristics of NRG1-rearranged IMAs, ERBB2 as the third most common alteration, and a novel NRG2 fusion in these tumors. Comprehensive molecular testing of KRAS wild-type IMAs that includes fusion testing is essential, given the high prevalence of alterations with established and investigational targeted therapies in this subset