Quantifying Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Rural Northern Tanzania

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of veterinary, public health and economic significance in most developing countries. Human brucellosis is a severely debilitating disease that requires prolonged treatment with a combination of antibiotics. The disease can result in permanent and disabling sequel, and results in considerable medical expenses in addition to loss of income due to loss of working hours. A study was conducted in Northern Tanzania to determine the risk factors for transmission of brucellosis to humans in Tanzania. This was a matched case-control study. Any patient with a positive result by a competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) test for brucellosis, and presenting to selected hospitals with at least two clinical features suggestive of brucellosis such as headache, recurrent or continuous fever, sweating, joint pain, joint swelling, general body malaise or backache, was defined as a case. For every case in a district, a corresponding control was traced and matched by sex using multistage cluster sampling. Other criteria for inclusion as a control included a negative c-ELISA test result and that the matched individual would present to hospital if falls sick. Multivariable analysis showed that brucellosis was associated with assisted parturition during abortion in cattle, sheep or goat. It was shown that individuals living in close proximity to other households had a higher risk of brucellosis. People who were of Christian religion were found to have a higher risk of brucellosis compared to other religions. The study concludes that assisting an aborting animal, proximity to neighborhoods, and Christianity were associated with brucellosis infection. There was no association between human brucellosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) serostatus. Protecting humans against contact with fluids and tissues during assisted parturition of livestock may be an important means of reducing the risk of transferring brucellosis from livestock to humans. These can be achieved through health education to the communities where brucellosis is common

Induction of α1-tubulin gene expression during development and regeneration of the fish central nervous system

The α1- and α2-tubulin encoding genes were cloned from a goldfish genomic DNA library. α1- and α2-tubulin RNA expression was examined in developing and adult retinas. These studies demonstrated increased α1-tubulin RNA in presumptive ganglion cells that grow axons early in retinal development and in adult retinal ganglion cells whose optic axons had been damaged. The α2-tubulin RNA was undetectable in developing retina and constitutively expressed in adult retinal ganglion cells regardless of optic nerve crush. To determine if these changes in α1-tubulin RNA reflected changes in α1-tubulin promoter activity, we introduced into zebrafish embryos and adult goldfish retinal explants expression vectors harboring the α1-tubulin gene's promoter. These studies showed that the α1-tubulin promoter confers a developmentally regulated, neuron-restricted pattern of reporter gene expression in vivo and its activity is increased in adult retinal neurons induced to regenerate their axons. Promoter deletions defined regions of α1-tubulin DNA necessary for this pattern of expression. These results suggest that DNA sequences necessary for α1-tubulin gene induction during central nervous system development and regeneration are contained within the α1-tubulin gene's 5′-flanking DNA and that this promoter will be useful for identifying these elements and their DNA binding proteins. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 37: 429–440, 1998Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34478/1/8_ftp.pd

Hémangioblastomes et pseudo-tumeurs intra-médullaires: stratégie thérapeutique.

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Neurochirurgie

MED4, CHIR012info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Commentary

SCOPUS: no.jRefers to :Surgery for high-grade gliomas in a developing country: survival estimation using a simple stratification systemJosé Lorenzoni, Alejandro Torrico, Pablo Villanueva, Alessandra Gederlini, Gonzalo TorrealbaSurgical NeurologyVolume 70, Issue 6, December 2008, Pages 591–597doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2007.08.004info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Operative techniques in neurosurgery: Introduction

SCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ethique et recherche en neurochirurgie.

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Surgery of spinal tumors without complications does not exist

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Presidential Guest Lecture of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine: Highly sophisticated neurosurgery and the developing world. A permanent challenge

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Pineal region lesion masquerading choroid plexus papilloma: Case report - Commentary

SCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe