“Ten strikes and you're out”: Increasing the number of login attempts can improve password usability

Many users today are struggling to manage an increasing number of passwords. As a consequence, many organizations face an increasing demand on an expensive resource – the system administrators or help desks. This paper suggests that re-considering the “3- strikes” policy commonly applied to password login systems would be an immediate way of reducing this demand. We analyzed 10 weeks worth of system logs from a sample of 386 users, whose login attempts were not restricted in the usual manner. During that period, only 10% of login attempts failed. We predict that requests for password reminders could be reduced by up to 44% by increasing the number of strikes from 3 to ten

The Encyclopedist Code: Ancien Droit Legal Encyclopedias and Their Verbatim Influence on the Louisiana Digest of 1808

This Article identifies nearly one hundred articles and provisions in Louisiana’s first civil code, the Digest of 1808, which were copied verbatim or almost verbatim (that is, literally or almost literally) from three French legal encyclopedias popular during the Ancien Régime: Lerasle’s Encyclopédie méthodique: Jurisprudence (8 vols., 1782–89), Jean-Baptiste Denisart’s Collection de décisions nouvelles (1st ed., 6 vols., 1754–56), and Joseph-Nicolas Guyot’s Répertoire de jurisprudence (2d ed., 17 vols., 1784–85). As the Appendix indicates, verbatim and almost verbatim extracts from Lerasle, Denisart, and Guyot constitute approximately five per cent of the Digest’s source material. This Article therefore serves as a supplement (and partial corrective) to Rodolfo Batiza’s 1971 and 1974 studies of the Digest’s “actual sources”. The present study argues that the Digest’s primary redactor, Louis Moreau Lislet, borrowed language from French legal encyclopedia entries largely for pedagogical purposes, including introducing into Louisiana’s new civil code civilian definitions and other material that would be useful for lawyers and judges trained in the common law. As a result, Louisiana’s first civil code possesses a didactic quality that is absent from its Napoleonic prototype. Equally important, this study suggests that earlier scholars’ assumptions that the Digest’s source material reflects Louisiana’s mixed Spanish-French legal history should be revisited: while discovery of a significant presence of French legal encyclopedic sources certainly reveals the drafter’s preference for, and familiarity with, ancien droit legal literature, it further undermines previous assumptions about the widespread indirect influence of Roman and Spanish-Castilian sources

Early 20th Century Perceptions of Civil Law-Common Law Difference: F.L. Joannini’s Spanish-English Civil Code Translations in Context

The proper method for translating Spanish and Portuguese civil law concepts into English was a topic of debate among civil law scholars and comparatists at the turn of the last century. This article examines the translation approaches of three Americans (Clifford Walton, F.L. Joannini, and Joseph Wheless) who independently translated the Spanish, Colombian, Argentine, and Brazilian Civil Codes during the period 1899-1920. Specifically, Walton’s (1899) Spanish Civil Code translation’s use of common law English is con-trasted with Joannini’s Colombian (1905) and Argentine (1917) Civil Codes translations’ preference for a “civilian” legal lexicon, including substantial borrowing from the special civil law English vocabulary of the Louisiana Civil Code. Joannini’s as well as Wheless’s use of civilian terminology re-ceived mixed reviews in law journals. Disagreement among com-paratists about the translators’ methods is explored below and placed within the context of contemporary English-speaking schol-arly paradigms of civil law-common law difference, including atti-tudes to civilian terminology. The article concludes with observa-tions about the role of intellectual history and political crosscur-rents—especially the creation of new mixed legal systems during the 19th and early 20th centuries—in shaping English and American attitudes to the civil law tradition in general and to legal translation in particular

myTea: Connecting the Web to Digital Science on the Desktop

Bioinformaticians regularly access the hundreds of databases and tools that are available to them on the Web. None of these tools communicate with each other, causing the scientist to copy results manually from a Web site into a spreadsheet or word processor. myGrids' Taverna has made it possible to create templates (workflows) that automatically run searches using these databases and tools, cutting down what previously took days of work into hours, and enabling the automated capture of experimental details. What is still missing in the capture process, however, is the details of work done on that material once it moves from the Web to the desktop: if a scientist runs a process on some data, there is nothing to record why that action was taken; it is likewise not easy to publish a record of this process back to the community on the Web. In this paper, we present a novel interaction framework, built on Semantic Web technologies, and grounded in usability design practice, in particular the Making Tea method. Through this work, we introduce a new model of practice designed specifically to (1) support the scientists' interactions with data from the Web to the desktop, (2) provide automatic annotation of process to capture what has previously been lost and (3) associate provenance services automatically with that data in order to enable meaningful interrogation of the process and controlled sharing of the results

Validating Design Knowledge in the Home: A Successful Case-study Of Dementia Care

This paper reports research, which aims to validate design knowledge, as the products of a structured analysis and design method (MUSE – Lim and Long, 1994). The products or ‘containers’ of the method (MUSE(C)) are used in the re-design of a range of domestic technologies, intended to support dementia care in the home. The case-study is judged a success. An evaluation showed the technologies to be more effective following re-design. The design products were shown to be correctly operationalised. Problems in their application are documented. MUSE(C) can, thus, only be considered to have been partially validated. The solution of these problems constitutes a requirement for future research