Woods, Tiger; and Yamaguchi, Kristi.

Contributions by Howard J. Bromberg to Great Lives from History: Asian and Pacific Islander Americans, a collection of short biographical essays

Trump, Donald: Environmental Policy of,

Businessman and US. president Donald John Trump was born in Queens, New York, to Frederick (Fred) Trump and Mary MacLeod. Fred Trump, a real estate developer, brought Donald into the family real estate business. Through his business operations, Trump became a billionaire. Donald also became a television celebrity with the reality show The Apprentice. In one of the most unpredictable elections in American history, Trump became the 45th president of the United States. His administration aggressively promoted development of oil, gas, mineral, and coal resources. In doing so, he revoked numerous environmental protections

Aeterni Patris; Infallibility; O\u27Connor, Flannery; Papal Documents

Encyclopedia entries written by Howard J. Bromberg

Medical Marijuana, Taxation, and Internal Revenue Code Section 280E

Congress enacted § 280E of the Internal Revenue Code in 1982 to punish businesses engaged in illegal drug trafficking, including marijuana. Section 280E denies all credits and deductions, including ordinary business expenses, from gross income of businesses illegally trafficking in a Schedule I or II controlled substance. This provision violates the principle that the tax code should foster a consistent treatment of income, regardless of source; and that the income tax is ill-used for punitive measures. Now that marijuana has been legalized in some form in at least 46 states for therapeutic purposes, this federal tax penalty transgresses principles of federalism. Recent scientific studies that have established the medical effectiveness of marijuana for certain conditions, further demonstrates that § 280E serves little legitimate purpose

Public Lands

A contribution by Howard J. Bromberg to the Encyclopedia of Global Resources

Environmental Law in the United States

Environmental law in the United States comprises a complex patchwork of federal, state, and local statutes and regulations, along with the traditions of common law. Most statutory environmental programs emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1960s, writings such as Rachel Carson\u27s Silent Spring (1962) fueled environmental awareness in the United States; the first Earth Day, celebrated on April 22, 1970, symbolized the birth of vironmental law entered a new era in 1970, when President Richard Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act and the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments. In the next decade, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments (1972), the Coastal Zone Management Act (1972), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA, 1972), the Endangered Species Act (1973), the Toxic Substances Control Act (1976), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976), the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or Superfund law (1980), formed the body of modern environmental law. Environmental regulation in the United States derives primarily from federal and state legislation and is normally implemented by administrative agencies. Environmental law protects human health and property and natural ecosystems from air and water pollution, toxic contamination and exposure, and other harms arising from myriad commercial, industrial, and governmental activities

Hemp Fiber

Hemp, Cannabis sativa, is indigenous to temperate regions in Asia. All major industrialized countries but the United States cultivate hemp for its fibers and oil-rich seeds. The former Soviet Union was the world\u27s leading producer until the 1980s. As of 2018, China was the largest producer, with other significant industries in Ukraine, Russia, China, Canada, Austria, Australia, Great Britain, Hungary, Romania, Poland, France, Italy, and Spain. Cannabis was initially spread around the world because of its fiber, not its intoxicant chemicals or its nutritious oil seeds. It is one of the oldest sources of textile fiber, whose use for cloth can be traced to 8000 B.C.E. in China and the Middle East. Hemp fiber is also used for the manufacture of cordage, sail cloth, and fish nets. Oil extracted from seeds is used in paints, medicines, and foods

Response to Dude, Where\u27s my Deduction?

Mr. Pullin’s thesis is that marijuana should be excluded from § 280E when it is operated legally under state law. However, his preferred solution is that the federal government remove marijuana from Schedules I and II of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA), thereby legalizing it for federal law purposes. Either action would exclude the marijuana business from § 280E

Response to \u27Reverse Al Capone-ism\u27 and the Tax Treatment of Marijuana Businesses

Mr. Silverberg’s comment stresses that the proponents of the legalization of marijuana have not been able to convince Congress to legalize it, and so it is appropriate for Congress to penalize trafficking in that drug. Apparently, he sees our contention that the penalty adopted in I.R.C. § 280E is irrational and contravenes established punitive jurisprudence as a backdoor attempt to accomplish indirectly, by weakening the penalties on the marijuana businesses, what has not been able to be accomplished by those seeking its federal legalization. That was not the motive for our proposal and is not a fair reading of our Prompt

Montreal Protocol

DATE: Signed September 16, 1987; took effect January 1, 1989; amended 1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, and 1999 The Montreal Protocol was created to help preserve the Earth’s ozone layer by severely limiting the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs ) and other halogenated compounds