Who Should Pay the Sports Agent’s Commission? An Economic Analysis of Setting the Legal Rules in the Regulation of Matchmakers

We study the effects of completing the legal framework of matchmakers with a rule designating which party must pay the commission. The paper examines the two rules currently open to debate at the international level in sport: the "player-pays" principle and the "club-pays" principle. We find that the most appropriate measure entails designating the party with the lesser bargaining power to pay the intermediary’s fee. However, our main result indicates that the appropriateness of imposing an additional rule in the legal framework is a preliminary issue. Indeed, even if the best rule is chosen, welfare may be decreased by this legal initiative

Who Should Pay the Sports Agent’s Commission? An Economic Analysis of Setting the Legal Rules in the Regulation of Matchmakers

We study the effects of completing the legal framework of matchmakers with a rule designating which party must pay the commission. The paper examines the two rules currently open to debate at the international level in sport: the "player-pays" principle and the "club-pays" principle. We find that the most appropriate measure entails designating the party with the lesser bargaining power to pay the intermediary’s fee. However, our main result indicates that the appropriateness of imposing an additional rule in the legal framework is a preliminary issue. Indeed, even if the best rule is chosen, welfare may be decreased by this legal initiative

Who Should Pay the Sports Agent’s Commission? An Economic Analysis of Setting the Legal Rules in the Regulation of Matchmakers

We study the effects of completing the legal framework of matchmakers with a rule designating which party must pay the commission. The paper examines the two rules currently open to debate at the international level in sport: the "player-pays" principle and the "club-pays" principle. We find that the most appropriate measure entails designating the party with the lesser bargaining power to pay the intermediary’s fee. However, our main result indicates that the appropriateness of imposing an additional rule in the legal framework is a preliminary issue. Indeed, even if the best rule is chosen, welfare may be decreased by this legal initiative

Un défi des gestionnaires du territoire : comment composer avec les différentes définitions des risques?

Dans les pays en développement, où les territoires présentent de multiples facteurs de vulnérabilité et où l'exposition à des dangers divers et nombreux sont des phénomènes quotidiens, la mise en place de mesures visant à contrebalancer ces phénomènes devient un enjeu difficile à réaliser. Dans cette perspective, il s'agit d'étudier, à travers les pratiques des acteurs, quels sont les éléments qui permettent de définir les risques et les actions à entreprendre. Les acteurs doivent négocier ou même imposer la légitimité de leurs vulnérabilités dans un jeu de négociations, d'arbitrages et de conflits. Le cas d'étude à San Cristóbal, Guatemala, permet d'analyser les différentes solutions proposées sous l'angle des vulnérabilités en jeu. Nous montrons que la prise en compte des vulnérabilités influence la lecture de l'équation du risque des acteurs concernés et conditionne le champ des solutions possibles. Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent que le risque n'est pas univoque mais qu'il est le résultat d'un choix et des calculs faits par les acteurs. Pour cette raison, les mesures à entreprendre dépendent des compromis élaborés entre les acteurs

Chiral ferrocenyl diphosphines for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone

4 pagesInternational audienceThe synthesis of new optically pure ferrocenyl diphosphines have been realized from (R)-(+)-N,N-dimethylaminoethylferrocene. Particularly, dissymmetric ferrocenyl diphosphines have been synthesized. The diphosphines have been used as ligands in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone in the presence of Ru catalysts

The globalization of risk and risk perception: why we need a new model of risk communication for vaccines.

Risk communication and vaccines is complex and the nature of risk perception is changing, with perceptions converging, evolving and having impacts well beyond specific geographic localities and points in time, especially when amplified through the Internet and other modes of global communication. This article examines the globalization of risk perceptions and their impacts, including the example of measles and the globalization of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine risk perceptions, and calls for a new, more holistic model of risk assessment, risk communication and risk mitigation, embedded in an ongoing process of risk management for vaccines and immunization programmes. It envisions risk communication as an ongoing process that includes trust-building strategies hand-in-hand with operational and policy strategies needed to mitigate and manage vaccine-related risks, as well as perceptions of risk

Facing the challenges – A miniaturized platform for integrated process development of products from microbial hosts

The recent developments within the biopharmaceutical market change the demands and requirements that have to be addressed. The venture of biosimilars and biobetters based on the off-patent situation enhances the need for acceleration of process development with high flexibility for new products. The trend toward PAT and continuous processing raises the need for better process understanding and integrated process development which challenges both - up and downstream processing. Bacterial systems offer high advantages and flexibility for high yield overexpression but often end up in very complex processes during product recovery. Often overexpression in E.coli is therefore limited to soluble fractions which means a severe limitation and restricts the opportunity to succeed. This talk present a HTS platform to evaluate the entire process of proteins expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies – directly connecting DoE screening in upstream development to the subsequent downstream process including cell disruption, IB preparation and protein capture. This fast and material saving platform method provides a high-quality evaluation of fermentation screenings and reduces the initial barrier and reservation for IB processes opening potential for new products. As additional benefit you will generate valuable knowledge and gain better understanding of your process on the way

Les gravures rupestres à parcellaire

RésuméLes gravures à parcellaire, appelées aussi gravures topographiques, datent des Âges du Bronze et du Fer. Interprétées depuis leur découverte comme des représentations planimétriques d'espaces agraires, elles ne sont guère étudiées en tant que telles. L'objet de cet article est de combler cette lacune. L'auteur propose une analyse de morphologie agraire portant sur plusieurs gravures de l'arc alpin. Ces pétroglyphes figurent effectivement des formes agraires et présentent des analogies troublantes avec des parcellaires protohistoriques connus des archéologues qui travaillent sur l'Europe de l'Ouest.þAbstractTopographic drawings date back to the Bronze and Iron ages. Interpreted since their discovery as planimetrical representations of farmland, they have hardly been studied as such. To make up for this shortcoming, an analysis of agrarian morphology is made using several of these cave drawings from the Alps. These petroglyphs represent farmland, and are disturbingly similar to the protohistorical plots of land familiar to archeologists who have studied western Europe.