Willingness to pay for WASH education services: a case study in Honduras

Many organizations provide education and training services to improve the sustainability of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions; however, it can be challenging to develop financially sustainable models for delivering such services. To address this, the University of Cambridge, the Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology, and Agua Pura Para el Mundo (APPM) completed a Willingness to Pay (WTP) study for WASH education services in Honduras. Rural community members had some WTP for education services, despite low income levels, and preferred when a product, e.g. a water filter, was provided as well. Individual WASH practitioners had moderate WTP (~25% of cost) for short courses. Organisations had relatively high WTP, compared with the other two groups (~50% of cost). The results were used to investigate potentially sustainable business models for APPM’s education services. The methodology presented can support other organizations to develop sustainable business approaches for their capacity development services

Recent advances in household biosand filter design

The biosand filter is an intermittent-flow adaptation of slow sand filtration technology. Developed over 20 years ago and now with 15+ years’ operating experience in households, it has established a reputation for effectiveness, durability, and sustained use. Research, field evaluations, and understanding of the nature of intermittent filter operation have led to advances in the design of the biosand filter as well as the specifications for the hydraulic loading rate, filtration sand, and pause period and requirements for maintenance and cleaning. Different methods of fabricating the filter body and diffuser basin are providing more alternatives for implementing biosand filter projects. As of December 2013, 500 organizations have reported implementing biosand filter projects in 59 countries, for a total of over 650,000 filters, impacting more than four million people (CAWST 2014)

A methodology for evaluating education and training activities: a case study in Ethiopia

Organizations that provide capacity development services within the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector aim to improve access to water and sanitation through improved implementation of WASH projects. A key challenge for these organizations is a lack of clarity on how their results should be measured. Through a series of university research partnerships, the Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology has developed an evaluation methodology to enable organizations to evaluate the outcomes and impacts of their education and training activities in WASH. In 2014, CAWST and the Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church Development Program Water Expertise and Training Centre applied the methodology to evaluate their WASH Awareness training program to health workers in Ethiopia. The evaluation methodology was found to be practical and useful in gathering rich information on program outcomes and for program improvement. It is recommended that the methodology be further developed, and applied widely by capacity development organizations

Overcoming capacity gaps in fecal sludge management through education and training

2.7 billion people around the world are in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) services, and this number is expected to rise to 4.9 billion by 2030. Key FSM challenges include the gap in knowledge related to the science behind FSM, the lack of skills and experience in viable implementation models, and the absence of policy to ensure an enabling environment. The Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technologies (CAWST) is working toward filling the capacity gaps in FSM through developing and delivering education and training activities to sanitation implementers. This paper describes the systematic program development process that CAWST undertook to plan and develop the education materials, pilot the FSM workshop to sanitation implementers in Nepal, and use the feedback to improve and finalize the education materials. Results and feedback from the pilot workshop are discussed, and next steps are explained

Training on WASH in the transition from emergency to development in earthquake affected areas of Nepal

The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that struck Nepal in April 2015 caused extensive damage to water and sanitation networks, resulting in a high risk of negative health impacts from diarrhoeal diseases. In response to the disaster, the Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO) collaborated with the Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST), to develop two training programs to educate volunteers on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) needs. The first training focused on acute response, and the second focused on longer term recovery. Using these programs, ENPHO trained over 470 community volunteers during the acute phase and has since trained another 226 volunteers during the recovery phase. Through training these volunteers, ENPHO has reached many communities, providing services in 11 of 14 earthquake-affected districts. CAWST plans to assess the feasibility of decontextualizing the training and support materials so they can be widely disseminated and used in the emergencies

Evaluation of education and training in water and sanitation technology: case studies in Nepal and Peru

A significant constraint to effective and sustainable water and sanitation provision is the “lack of capacity at the local level” (WHO, 2010), however there is uncertainty in how the efforts of capacity builders should be measured, and improved (Brown, et al., 2001). The Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) and the Institute of Non-profit Studies at Mount Royal University (MRU) has collaborated to address this issue. An evaluative framework, based on the Kirkpatrick model (Kirkpatrick, D.L. & Kirkpatrick, J.D., 2006) was developed to assist capacity builders in the water and sanitation sector to capture and interpret the results of their education and training activities. The framework was applied to evaluate CAWST’s training activities in Peru and Nepal. The findings provide new perspectives on the impacts of CAWST’s work, and provide insight into how the framework can be valuable to other capacity building organizations

Measuring and reporting the capacity development performance of organizations in water and sanitation

Within the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector, a range of organizations offer education and training activities. The aim of these activities is to improve access to water and sanitation services through better design and implementation of WASH interventions (Broughton & Hampshire, 1997; Cracknell, 2000). However, it is often not clear how effective education and training activities are at achieving these objectives. A key challenge is lack of clarity on how the results of education and training in WASH should be measured and reported. In order to address this issue, CAWST (The Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology) and the Centre for Engineering for Sustainable Development at the University of Cambridge conducted a review of measurement and reporting strategies of education and training organizations. Strengths, limitations and best practices were identified and used to develop recommendations for how CAWST, and other education and training organizations in the WASH sector, can improve the way they measure and report their results