Das zeigt doch nur, dass ich’s nicht kann : Zielorientierung und Einstellung gegenüber Hilfe bei Lehramtsanwärtern

Basierend auf Theorien der motivationalen Zielorientierung analysiert die vorliegende Untersuchung den Zusammenhang zwischen der beruflichen Zielorientierung von N = 224 Lehramtsanwärterinnen und –anwärtern und deren Einstellung gegenüber Hilfe. Durch die Vermeidungsleistungszielorientierung (das habituelle Verfolgen des Ziels, nicht als inkompetente Lehrkraft aufzufallen) konnte vorhergesagt werden, inwieweit die angehenden Lehrer/-innen das Erbitten von Hilfe als bedrohlich wahrnahmen. Die Wahrnehmung von Hilfe als lernförderlich konnte durch die Lernzielorientierung (das habituelle Verfolgen des Ziels, als Lehrer/-in die eigenen Kompetenzen zu steigern) vorhergesagt werden. Die Wahrnehmung von Hilfe als zusätzlichen Aufwand verursachend stand im Zusammenhang mit der Tendenz zur Arbeitsvermeidung. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Bedeutung motivationaler Faktoren für die Erklärung des Erlebens und Verhaltens von (angehenden) Lehrkräften diskutiert

Reworking the city of workers : a new housing paradigm for the immigrant city

Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 71).The climate of the reception of immigrants to the United States has soured, and circumstances are becoming increasingly difficult for persons seeking to gain residency. Reasons often given for the reversal in this practice are that immigrants are poor, uneducated, take jobs away from Americans, and use valuable resources otherwise available to the native-born. This at-best cautionary condition is unfortunate, not only because it decreases diversity in a society already afraid of "the other", but because the US is the very model founded on foreigners trying to make lives for themselves. In evidence now is a disdain and distrust of foreigners that could eventually affect all people in the US, resulting in an atmosphere of suspicion and negativity toward anyone who is perceived as different. This design thesis posits that immigrants are important additions to local neighborhoods and economies. If they are supported physically and psychologically during their initial period of arrival, they can more readily become integral members of American society. The design of housing, a learning center, and incorporation of the arts becomes a new means by which immigrants can retain ties to their cultural heritage, while concurrently increasing self-sufficiency, dispelling ignorance, and fostering greater acceptance and knowledge in the community at large.Britta Erika Butler.M.Arch

Abatacept, Cenicriviroc, or Infliximab for Treatment of Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Immune dysregulation contributes to poorer outcomes in COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab provides benefit when added to standard care for COVID-19 pneumonia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a master protocol to investigate immunomodulators added to standard care for treatment of participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The results of 3 substudies are reported from 95 hospitals at 85 clinical research sites in the US and Latin America. Hospitalized patients 18 years or older with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 14 days and evidence of pulmonary involvement underwent randomization between October 2020 and December 2021. INTERVENTIONS: Single infusion of abatacept (10 mg/kg; maximum dose, 1000 mg) or infliximab (5 mg/kg) or a 28-day oral course of cenicriviroc (300-mg loading dose followed by 150 mg twice per day). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was time to recovery by day 28 evaluated using an 8-point ordinal scale (higher scores indicate better health). Recovery was defined as the first day the participant scored at least 6 on the ordinal scale. RESULTS: Of the 1971 participants randomized across the 3 substudies, the mean (SD) age was 54.8 (14.6) years and 1218 (61.8%) were men. The primary end point of time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia was not significantly different for abatacept (recovery rate ratio [RRR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.98-1.28]; P = .09), cenicriviroc (RRR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.86-1.18]; P = .94), or infliximab (RRR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.99-1.28]; P = .08) compared with placebo. All-cause 28-day mortality was 11.0% for abatacept vs 15.1% for placebo (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.94]), 13.8% for cenicriviroc vs 11.9% for placebo (OR, 1.18 [95% CI 0.72-1.94]), and 10.1% for infliximab vs 14.5% for placebo (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39-0.90]). Safety outcomes were comparable between active treatment and placebo, including secondary infections, in all 3 substudies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Time to recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia among hospitalized participants was not significantly different for abatacept, cenicriviroc, or infliximab vs placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04593940