British Departmental Documents and Legislation 2000 -- 2020

A dataset of sentences from British legislation ('leg') and the documents of 12 central departments ('cabinet_office', 'DCMS', 'DE', 'DEFRA', 'DHSC', 'DWP', 'FCO', 'home_office', 'MOD', 'MOH', 'MOJ', 'treasury') produced between 2000 and 2020. For each JSON object, each key corresponds to legislation or a department and each value is a tuple where the first element is a document title and the second element is a sentence from the document referred to by the title. Files titled by year (e.g. 2003.json) contain sentences from documents published during title year. merged.json contains sentences from all years of publication. The documents from which this dataset was constructed are available from https://www.gov.uk/search, https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search/ and https://www.legislation.gov.uk/

Reducing social media engagement with affectively polarised content via inoculation

Datasets for validation study and experiments one two and three

Reducing social media engagement with affectively polarised content via inoculation

Datasets for validation study and experiments one two and three

Debunking Handbook 2020

This handbook compiles expert data about debunking misinformation. You may download a PDF of the handbook in the "Highlights" section below

Additional file 3 of The effectiveness of non-pharmacological sleep interventions for people with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Additional file 3

Data from: An atlas of polygenic risk score associations to highlight putative causal relationships across the human phenome

The age of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has provided us with an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the genetic liability of complex disease using polygenic risk scores (PRS). In this study, we have analysed 162 PRS (p<5×10−05) derived from GWAS and 551 heritable traits from the UK Biobank study (N = 334,398). Findings can be investigated using a web application (http://mrcieu.mrsoftware.org/PRS_atlas/), which we envisage will help uncover both known and novel mechanisms which contribute towards disease susceptibility. To demonstrate this, we have investigated the results from a phenome-wide evaluation of schizophrenia genetic liability. Amongst findings were inverse associations with measures of cognitive function which extensive follow-up analyses using Mendelian randomization (MR) provided evidence of a causal relationship. We have also investigated the effect of multiple risk factors on disease using mediation and multivariable MR frameworks. Our atlas provides a resource for future endeavours seeking to unravel the causal determinants of complex disease.,5e05.txtPRS results using P<5e05 threshold. These data are derived from the UK Biobank Resource as part of projects 8786 and 15825.5e08.txtPRS results using P<5e08 threshold. These data are derived from the UK Biobank Resource as part of projects 8786 and 15825.

Additional file 1 of The relationships between women’s reproductive factors: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Forest plots showing effect estimates of additional MR methods for relationships identified in the primary MR analysis. Panels A-P refer to the relationships assessed using MR, and MR methods used is shown on the y axis

Additional file 2 of The relationships between women’s reproductive factors: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

Additional file 2: Table S1 Relationships where bi-directional MR was performed due to unclear temporal ordering. Table S2 Relationships investigated. Table S3 Replication consortia and studies. Table S4 Genetic correlation results. Table S5 Primary analysis (IVW). Table S6 Negative control results. Table S7 Heterogeneity for primary analysis. Table S8 Additional MR methods in relation to primary analysis. Table S9 Egger intercept test for the primary analysis. Table S10 I-squared statistics. Table S11 MR PRESSO Global test for primary analysis. Table S12 MR PRESSO Outlier correction for primary analysis. Table S13 Steiger results for the primary analysis. Table S14 Steiger: SNPs found to be in the incorrect intended for the primary analysis direction. Table S15 Steiger filtered MR results for the primary analysis. Table S16 Split sample SNPs, R2, F stats and number of overlapping SNPs. Table S17 Split sample GWAS overlapping SNPs between samples. Table S18 IVW UKBB split sample results. Table S19 UKBB meta-analysed split sample results. Table S20 Replication SNPs, R2 and F stats. Table S21 IVW UKBB and replication results. Table S22 MRlap number of SNPs. Table S23 MRlap observed and corrected results. Table S24 MVMR findings adjusted for childhood body size (UK Biobank)

Early-life effects on body size in each sex interact to determine reproductive success in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides

Early-life conditions have been shown to have a profound effect on an animal’s body size and fecundity across diverse taxa. However, less is known about how early-life effects on fecundity within each sex interact to determine reproductive success. We used experiments with burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides to analyse this problem. The nutritional conditions experienced by burying beetles in early life are a key determinant of adult body size in both sexes, and adult body size in turn influences male reproductive tactics. In previous work, we showed that smaller males are more effective than larger males at stimulating virgin female fecundity. In this study, we manipulated male and female body size by restricting access to food in early development. We then conducted breeding assays, in which small and large females were mated sequentially with small and large males, and then allowed to raise offspring without paternal care. We tested whether large females, which are potentially more fecund, laid even more eggs when mated with small males. We found no evidence to support this prediction. Instead we detected only a weak non-significant trend in the predicted direction and no equivalent trend in the number of larvae produced. However, we did find that larvae attained a greater mass by the end of development when their mother was large and mated with a small male first. We suggest that large females might have evolved counter-measures that prevent exploitation by small fecundity-stimulating males, including partial filial cannibalism. By eating surplus larvae during reproduction, larger females would leave more of the carrion for their offspring to consume. This could explain why their surviving larvae are able to attain a greater mass by the time they complete their development

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student mental health and wellbeing in UK university students: a multiyear cross-sectional analysis

Ongoing concern for the unique mental health challenges faced by university students has been magnified by the disruption of the global COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020. This study aimed to investigate changes in mental health and wellbeing outcomes for UK university students since the pandemic began, and to examine whether more vulnerable groups were disproportionately impacted. Students at a UK university responded to anonymous online cross-sectional surveys in 2019 (N = 2637), 2020 (N = 3693), and 2021 (N = 2772). Students completed measures of depression, anxiety and subjective wellbeing (SWB). Multivariable logistic regression models investigated associations of survey year and sociodemographic characteristics with mental health and SWB. Compared to 2019, fewer students showed high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms in 2020. However, there was evidence of worsened levels of anxiety and SWB in 2021 compared to 2019. Interaction effects indicated that students from a Black, Asian or minority ethnicity background and students previously diagnosed with a mental health difficulty showed improved outcomes in 2021 compared to previous years. There is a need for sector-wide strategies including preventative approaches, appropriate treatment options for students already experiencing difficulties and ongoing monitoring post-pandemic