Nützlichkeit und Zukunft von Distance Education aus Sicht Studierender und Unterrichtender

Um Distance Education auch nach der Pandemie möglichst effektiv gestalten zu können, wurde mit einer Umfrage die Nützlichkeit von Onlineunterrichtsformaten (synchron vs. asynchron) und der gewünschte zukünftige Anteil an Distance Education aus Sicht von Studierenden und Unterrichtenden untersucht. Synchrone Lerneinheiten wurden dabei insgesamt als hilfreicher eingeschätzt. Der gewünschte Anteil an Distance Education (34–50%) fiel bei den Studierenden höher aus als bei den Unterrichtenden. Bestehende Vorerfahrung mit Distance Education führte bei den Studierenden zum Teil zu signifikanten Unterschieden in Bezug darauf, für wie hilfreich sie einzelne Unterrichtsformate beurteilten

Assessing hospitals' clinical risk management: Development of a monitoring instrument

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Clinical risk management (CRM) plays a crucial role in enabling hospitals to identify, contain, and manage risks related to patient safety. So far, no instruments are available to measure and monitor the level of implementation of CRM. Therefore, our objective was to develop an instrument for assessing CRM in hospitals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The instrument was developed based on a literature review, which identified key elements of CRM. These elements were then discussed with a panel of patient safety experts. A theoretical model was used to describe the level to which CRM elements have been implemented within the organization. Interviews with CRM practitioners and a pilot evaluation were conducted to revise the instrument. The first nationwide application of the instrument (138 participating Swiss hospitals) was complemented by in-depth interviews with 25 CRM practitioners in selected hospitals, for validation purposes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The monitoring instrument consists of 28 main questions organized in three sections: 1) Implementation and organizational integration of CRM, 2) Strategic objectives and operational implementation of CRM at hospital level, and 3) Overview of CRM in different services. The instrument is available in four languages (English, German, French, and Italian). It allows hospitals to gather comprehensive and systematic data on their CRM practice and to identify areas for further improvement.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have developed an instrument for assessing development stages of CRM in hospitals that should be feasible for a continuous monitoring of developments in this important area of patient safety.</p

Clinical risk management in mental health: a qualitative study of main risks and related organizational management practices

Background A scientific understanding of clinical risk management (CRM) in mental health care is essential for building safer health systems and for improving patient safety. While evidence on patient safety and CRM in physical health care has increased, there is limited research on these issues in mental health care. This qualitative study provides an overview of the most important clinical risks in mental health and related organizational management practices. Methods We conducted in-depth expert interviews with professionals responsible for CRM in psychiatric hospitals. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed applying qualitative content analysis to thematically sort the identified risks. Results The main concerns for CRM in mental health are a) violence and self-destructive behavior (i.e. protecting patients and staff from other patients, and patients from themselves), b) treatment errors, especially in the process of therapy, and c) risks associated with mental illnesses (e.g. psychosis or depression). This study identified critical differences to CRM in hospitals for physical disorder and challenges specific to CRM in mental health. Firstly, many psychiatric patients do not believe that they are ill and are therefore in hospital against their will. Secondly, staff safety is a much more prominent theme for CRM in mental health care as it is directly related to the specifics of mental illnesses. Conclusions The current study contributes to the understanding of patient safety and raises awareness for CRM in mental health. The mental health specific overview of central risks and related organizational management practices offers a valuable basis for CRM development in mental health and an addition to CRM in general.ISSN:1472-696

Motivational antecedents of incident reporting: evidence from a survey of nurses and physicians

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY: Underreporting is a major issue when using incident reporting systems to improve safety in hospitals. Based on a psychological framework, this study investigated the motivational antecedents of the willingness to report into incident reporting systems in healthcare. Individual, organisational and system-related influences on the willingness to report incidents were investigated in a survey of physicians and nurses from five Swiss hospitals. METHODS: The motivational antecedents were tested using structural equation modelling. The sample consisted of 818 respondents, 546 nurses and 230 physicians; the response rate was 32%. The willingness to report was assessed by using a self-report scale, validated with the self-reported number of reported incidents during the previous year. RESULTS: The most important influence on the willingness to report was the transparency of the incident reporting system procedures to potential users, such as. knowing how and what kind of events to report. At the individual level, the perceived effectiveness of reporting was a relevant antecedent. At the organisational level, management support positively influenced the willingness to report. Different antecedents were found to be relevant for nurses and physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Implications are discussed that open up alternatives for the design and implementation of incident reporting systems in healthcare. For example, the results of the study point to opportunities for making incident reporting systems more transparent and participatory and to allow for experience of how they actually improve patient safety.ISSN:1424-7860ISSN:1424-399

Psychische Krankheit und subjektive Gesundheit bei Wohnungslosen in Zürich : Erste Prävalenzdaten aus der Schweiz

Anliegen: Untersuchung der psychiatrischen Morbidität und der subjektiven Gesundheit (selfrated health, SRH) bei Wohnungslosen in der Stadt Zürich. Methode: Querschnittsstudie bei Wohnungslosen (n=338) in Zürich und Vergleich der SRH mit jener der Allgemeinbevölkerung (n=21597). Ergebnisse: Bei 96% der Wohnungslosen lag mindestens eine psychiatrische Diagnose vor, am häufigsten Drogen- oder Alkoholabhängigkeit. Wohnungslose bewerteten ihre Gesundheit signifikant schlechter als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Schlussfolgerungen: Auch in Zürich sind Wohnungslose weit häufiger von psychischer Krankheit betroffen als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die SRH ist ein Indikator für die effektive Gesundheit und ist mit der Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen assoziiert

Water-Compatible Cycloadditions of Oligonucleotide-Conjugated Strained Allenes for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis

DNA-encoded libraries of small molecules are being explored extensively for the identification of binders in early drug-discovery efforts. Combinatorial syntheses of such libraries require water- and DNA-compatible reactions, and the paucity of these reactions currently limit the chemical features of resulting barcoded products. The present work introduces strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic allenes under mild conditions to DNA-encoded library synthesis. Owing to distinct cycloaddition modes of these reactive intermediates with activated olefins, 1,3-dipoles and dienes, the process generates diverse molecular architectures from a single precursor. The resulting DNA-barcoded compounds exhibit unprecedented ring and topographic features—related to elements found to be powerful in phenotypic screening