Kinematic Comparison of Different Technique of Putting the Shot at the Moment of Release

The purpose of the study was to conduct a kinematic comparison of different techniques of putting the shot at the moment of Release. Eight male shot putters of L.N.U.P.E. between the age group of 20 to 26 years, who had been participating regularly, were selected as subjects. 2 D Kinovea Video Anlysis software was used for kinematical analysis of different techniques of putting the shot. Casio Exilim Ex F1H a standard camera which frequency was 300 frame/second and which was placed at 4.67 meter distance perpendicular to  the subject in horizontal plane at height of 1.50 meter.  To find out kinematical comparison between those shot putters who uses different stances t-test was used. For testing the hypothesis the level of significance was set at .05.Results show that the calculated t value is 1.237   and      .260   in relation to linear kinematical variables at moment of releases i.e. Height of c.g. of subject and height of c.g. of shot respectively. It also show that calculated t value for angular kinematic variables such as ankle (right & left),knee(right&left),hip(right&left),shoulder(right&left),elbow(right&left)andwristjoint(right&left)is(.454&2.83*),(1.39&.351),(2.23&1.51),(.290&.419),(.550&.794)and(.365&.833). 1)Insignificant difference was found between those shot putters who uses different technique of putting the shot in relation to  height of c.g. of subject and height of c.g. of shot put.2)Insignificant difference was also found in relation to ankle (right), knee (right & left) and hip joint (right), shoulder (right & left), elbow (right & left) and wrist joint (right & left).3)Significant difference was found between those shot putters who use different technique of putting the shot in relation to ankle joint (left). Key words: Horizontal Plane, Kinematic, Shot Put, Technique

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TWELVE CULTIVARS OF PEA BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS

Pea(Pisum sativum L.)is the second most important legume crop worldwide after chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and valuable resources for their genetic improvement. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity of pea cultivars through morphological and molecular markers. The present investigation was carried out with 12 pea cultivars using 28 simple sequence repeat markers. A total of 60 polymorphic bands with an average of 2.31 bands per primer were obtained. The polymorphic information content, diversity index and resolving power were ranged from 0.50 to 0.33, 0.61 to 0.86 and 0.44 to 1.0 with an average of 0.46, 0.73 and 0.76, respectively. The 12 pea cultivars were grouped into 3 clusters obtained from cluster analysis with a Jaccardd’s similarity coefficient range of 0.47-0.78, indicating the sufficient genetic divergence among these cultivars of pea. The principal component analysis showed that first three principal components explained 86.97% of the total variation, suggesting the contribution of quantitative traits in genetic variability. The contribution of 32.59% for number of seeds per plant, stem circumference, number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod in the PC1 leads to the conclusion that these traits contribute more to the total variation observed in the 12 pea cultivars and would make a good parental stock material. Overall, this SSR analysis complements morphological characters of initial selection of these pea germplasms for future breeding program

X-ray emission from O-type stars : DH Cep and HD 97434

We present X-ray emission characteristics of the massive O-type stars DH Cep and HD 97434 using archival XMM-Newton observations. There is no convincing evidence for short term variability in the X-ray intensity during the observations. However, the analysis of their spectra reveals X-ray structure being consistent with two-temperature plasma model. The hydrogen column densities derived from X-ray spectra of DH Cep and HD 97434 are in agreement with the reddening measurements for their corresponding host clusters NGC 7380 and Trumpler 18, indicating that the absorption by stellar wind is negligible. The X-ray emission from these hot stars is interpreted in terms of the standard instability-driven wind shock model.Comment: 13 pages ; 2 figures; 2 tables (Accepted for publication in New Astronomy

Transforming Image Captioning: Refining Models with Advanced Encoder-Decoder Architecture and Attention Mechanism

Image captioning involves the generation of textual descriptions that describe the content within an image. This process finds extensive utility in diverse applications, including the analysis of large, unlabeled image datasets, uncovering concealed patterns to facilitate machine learning applications, guiding self-driving vehicles, and developing software solutions to aid visually impaired individuals. The implementation of image captioning relies heavily on deep learning models, a technological frontier that has simplified the task of generating captions for images. This paper focuses on the utilization of encoder-decoder model with attention mechanism for image captioning. In classic image captioning model, the words usually describe only a part of the image, however with attention mechanism special attention is given to the low level and high-level features of the image. With the use of stable dataset and improvised encoder – decoder modelling, it is possible to generate captions having an accurate description of image with CIDEr score more by 16.52% of established models