Genetic Variation in Resistance of Scotch Pine to Zimmerman Pine Moth

(excerpt) Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a forest tree introduced from Eurasia, is commonly planted for Christmas tree and timber use in northeastern United States. In this country it has numerous insect enemies. Among the most important are European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermiieller); pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan;,European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy); and eastern white-pine shoot borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinrich. Previous studies (Wright et al., 1967; Wright and Wilson, 1972; Steiner, 1974) have revealed large genetic differences in resistance to some of these pests. Another destructive pest is the Zimmerman pine moth, Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote). In 1968 this insect, native to the United States, was found attacking trees in a Scotch pine provenance test in southwestern Michigan. The attack rate was heavy and by 1973 it was obvious that some rams or varieties were attacked more heavily than others. This is a report on those differences

Letter, John Bright to Gideon Welles, January 30, 1865

This handwritten letter, dated January 30, 1865, is written from John Bright in Rochdale, England to Gideon Welles in Washington, D. C. concerning the request on behalf of Bright\u27s neighbor who\u27s son was killed in service of the United States Navy. The neighbor, Mrs. Hawkins, requires assistance receiving the money owed to her upon the passing of her son. The letter was found tipped into pages 258-259 of volume eight, in pages 258-259 of Abraham Lincoln : A History by John G. Nicolay and John Hay.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/fvw-manuscripts-nicolay-and-hay-documents/1045/thumbnail.jp

ANTI-CANCER EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA CELL LINE

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of alcoholic root extract of Ocimum sanctum, in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell (NCI-H460).Methods: The effect of ethanolic extract of O. sanctum in NCI-H460 cell was investigated by the cell viability assay, generation of ROS in a cancer cell, apoptotic morphological changes and by mitochondrial membrane potential.Results: The cytotoxicity was observed by MMT assay. NCI-H460 cell was treated with various concentrations (10-150 µg/ml) of extract for 24 hr and 150 µg/ml showed a maximum decrease in cell viability. The extract (25-100µg/ml) showed significant increase ROS production in NCI-H460 cell. It greatly inhibits cell viability and colony forming capacity of NCI-H460 cell, possibly because of increased oxidative stress. An increased apoptotic cell in Ocimum sanctum further shows its anticancer nature. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is an early stage of apoptosis. Our results showed that extract treatment caused serve loss of in NCI-H460 cell.Conclusion: The present study suggests that O. sanctum extract act by increasing oxidative damage in NCI-H460 cells.Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, NCI-H460 lung carcinoma cells, MTT assay, Apoptosis, Oxidative damag

Tur\'an Numbers of Ordered Tight Hyperpaths

An ordered hypergraph is a hypergraph $G$ whose vertex set $V(G)$ is linearly ordered. We find the Tur\'an numbers for the $r$-uniform $s$-vertex tight path $P^{(r)}_s$ (with vertices in the natural order) exactly when $r\le s < 2r$ and $n$ is even; our results imply $\mathrm{ex}_{>}(n,P^{(r)}_s)=(1-\frac{1}{2^{s-r}} + o(1))\binom{n}{r}$ when r\le s}(n,P^{(r)}_s) remain open. For $r=3$, we give a construction of an $r$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraph not containing $P^{(r)}_s$ which we conjecture to be asymptotically extremal.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figure

Clinical review: Mass casualty triage – pandemic influenza and critical care

Worst case scenarios for pandemic influenza planning in the US involve over 700,000 patients requiring mechanical ventilation. UK planning predicts a 231% occupancy of current level 3 (intensive care unit) bed capacity. Critical care planners need to recognise that mortality is likely to be high and the risk to healthcare workers significant. Contingency planning should, therefore, be multi-faceted, involving a robust health command structure, the facility to expand critical care provision in terms of space, equipment and staff and cohorting of affected patients in the early stages. It should also be recognised that despite this expansion of critical care, demand will exceed supply and a process for triage needs to be developed that is valid, reproducible, transparent and consistent with distributive justice. We advocate the development and validation of physiological scores for use as a triage tool, coupled with candid public discussion of the process

Conformational Preferences of cis-1,3-Cyclopentanedicarboxylic Acid and Its Salts by ^1H NMR Spectroscopy: Energetics of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds in DMSO

The conformational populations of cis-1,3- cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (1) and its mono- and dianion were established in DMSO solution by comparing the vicinal proton−proton coupling constants (^3JHH) obtained in solution to their theoretical counterparts. Geometries used for ^3JHH theoretical estimation (using Karplus-type equations) were obtained from optimized structures at the B3LYP/6-31G-(2d,2p) level. The diacid (1) adopted many conformations, whereas the ionized species (1A mono- and 1B dianion) assumed single conformations. A downfield chemical shift of 19.45 ppm (Δδ_H = 7.43 ppm) observed at −60 °C was indicative of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 1A, which was later corroborated by determining the ratio of the first (K_1) to the second (K_2) ionization constants. K_1/K_2 in DMSO (1.3 × 10^7) was significantly larger than the value in water (2 × 10). In addition, K_1/K_E = 200 (where K_E is the acidity constant of the monomethylester of 1) was greater than the intramolecular hydrogen bonding threshold value of 2. The calculated intramolecular hydrogen bond strength of 1A was ∼3.1 kcal mol^(−1), which is ∼2.7 kcal mol^(−1) more stable than the values for cis- 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (2A). Thus, the relative energies of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the monoanions 1A and 2A suggests that 1,3-diaxial conformers are more favored for cyclopentane than for cyclohexane rings