Maximising past investment in subsurface data in urban areas for sustainable resource management: a pilot in Glasgow, UK. Technical note.

Insufficient understanding of subsurface ground conditions places significant constraints on effective and sustainable development of urban areas, and is a key factor in overspend on construction projects. Recent collaboration between the British Geological Survey (BGS), Glasgow City Council (GCC) and the private sector (Grontmij Ltd) has demonstrated the potential for creating the conditions necessary for a major change in how subsurface data in urban areas are reported and exchanged between the public and private sectors. This is directly in line with the principles outlined by the EU INSPIRE Directive so that data can be re-used more effectively and have widespread benefit

Assessing Early Intervention Outcomes: Beyond Program Variables

THE EARLY INTERVENTION field is witnessing some major shifts in the focus of efficacy research. The traditional preoccupation with the question as to whether early intervention works is giving way to greater concern with understanding how programs make their impact. While this is seen as a progressive shift, much of the focus has so far been placed on how specific dimensions of the intervention process contribute to outcomes. Little attention has been paid to extra‐program variables which impinge upon or interact with the intervention process to shape outcomes. This paper presents the perspective that an intervention program is only one of many factors with potential influence on child and family functioning. Consequently program efficacy must be assessed in relation to both program and extra‐program variables. A framework outlining five classes of “independent” variables and two classes of outcomes to be considered in efficacy research is presented. Regression and path analytic techniques are presented as two potentially useful tools for addressing the different kinds of efficacy questions currently being raised in the literature