ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: Summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to update the 1997 exercise testing guidelines)

"The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or full revision is needed. This process gives priority to areas where major changes in text, and particularly recommendations, are mentioned on the basis of new understanding or evidence. Minor changes in verbiage and references are discouraged. The ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing that were published in 1997 have now been updated. The full-text guidelines incorporating the updated material are available on the Internet (www.acc.org or www.americanheart.org) in both a version that shows the changes in the 1997 guidelines in strike-over (deleted text) and highlighting (new text) and a “clean” version that fully incorporates the changes. This article describes the 10 major areas of change reflected in the update in a format that we hope can be read and understood as a stand-alone document. The table of contents from the full-length guideline (see next page) indicates the location of these changes. Interested readers are referred to the full-length Internet version to completely understand the context of these changes. All new references appear in boldface type; all original references appear in normal type.

ACC/AHA 2002 Guideline Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines)

The American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Task Force on Practice Guidelines regularly reviews existing guidelines to determine when an update or full revision is needed. This process gives priority to areas where major changes in text, and particularly recommendations, are mentioned on the basis of new understanding or evidence. Minor changes in verbiage and references are discouraged. The ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing that were published in 1997 have now been updated. The full-text guidelines incorporating the updated material are available on the Internet (www.acc.org or www.americanheart.org) in both a version that shows the changes in the 1997 guidelines in strike-over (deleted text) and highlighting (new text) and a “clean” version that fully incorporates the changes. This article describes the 10 major areas of change reflected in the update in a format that we hope can be read and understood as a stand-alone document. The table of contents from the full-length guideline (see next page) indicates the location of these changes. Interested readers are referred to the full-length Internet version to completely understand the context of these changes. All new references appear in boldface type; all original references appear in normal type

Le Paléolithique supérieur de l’abri Pataud (Dordogne)

La fouille de l’abri Pataud (Les Eyzies, Dordogne) fut dans la seconde moitié du xxe s. l’un des grands programmes de recherche internationaux et interdisciplinaires sur la Préhistoire française. Conduit par H. L. Movius. Jr., il donna lieu à des innovations dans le domaine des techniques de fouille et de l’analyse des objets et contribua ainsi à une synthèse méthodologique qui servit de base à la recherche actuelle. L’abri Pataud est une des séquences clefs des débuts du Paléolithique supérieur dans le Sud-Ouest. La publication, qui débuta en 1975, resta inachevée à la mort du Pt Movius en 1987. Ses plus proches collaborateurs ont résumé ici les résultats de ce programme, incluant des études inédites d’occupations du Protomagdalénien, du Périgordien moyen et de l’Aurignacien, de nouvelles datations par le radiocarbone et une réévaluation de la géochronologie. S’y ajoute un inventaire critique des sites aurignaciens et périgordiens de Dordogne replaçant l’abri Pataud dans son contexte régional.One of the large international and interdisciplinary research projects on the Palaeolithic of France during the middle of the 20th century was the excavation of the abri Pataud (Les Eyzies, Dordogne). From this project, directed by Hallam L. Movius, Jr., came innovations in excavation technique and artifact analysis that have contributed to the methodological synthesis underlying current research. The abri Pataud is one of the key sequences of the earlier Upper Palaeolithic in the Southwest. The publication began in 1975 but was left unfinished because of the death of Pr Movius in 1987. His closest collaborators have summarized here the results of the project, including unpublished studies of the Protomagdalenian, Middle Perigordian, and Aurignacian occupations, new radiocarbon dates, a reappraisal of the geochronology, and an extensively annotated catalogue of Aurignacian and Perigordian sites in Dordogne which allows the abri Pataud to be seen in its regional context

Q-VE-OPh, a Negative Control for O-Phenoxy-Conjugated Caspase Inhibitors

The broad-spectrum apoptosis (caspase) inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, has been shown to have no side effects and is effective at a much lower concentration than other FMK-type caspase inhibitors. However, an appropriate negative control to use with this inhibi- tor has not been available. In this study, we developed and analyzed a new compound, based on the Q-VD-OPh backbone, which acts as a cognate negative control. To create the negative control, we substituted a glutamate residue for the aspartate residue to create Q-VE-OPh, thereby retaining the identical charge and molecular properties with only the addition of an extra –CH2 group. The purity and quality were assessed by ion trap mass spectrometry and verified by nuclear magnetic resonance. We determined the effectiveness of Q-VE-OPh, in comparison to Q-VD-OPh, to prevent DNA fragmentation in human Jurkat T leukemia cells that were induced to undergo apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of DNA laddering, the hallmark indicator of apoptosis. Our results indicate that apoptosis was potently inhibited by Q-VD-OPh. In stark contrast, Q-VE-OPh did not inhibit apoptosis at a similar dose but required at least 20 times greater concentration than Q-VD-OPh to have any inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis showed that Q-VE-OPh was similarly less effective at inhibiting the activation of the extrinsic (caspase 8) and intrinsic (caspase 9) initiator caspases. Cell proliferation and viability studies further demonstrate that Q-VE-OPh is non-toxic, even at high concentration. Our data indicate that the specificity, effectiveness, and absence of toxicity of Q-VE-OPh provides the appropriate and superior negative control for in vitro and in vivo studies when analyzing the effects of o-phenoxy caspase inhibitors

Q-VE-OPh, a Negative Control for O-Phenoxy-Conjugated Caspase Inhibitors

The broad-spectrum apoptosis (caspase) inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, has been shown to have no side effects and is effective at a much lower concentration than other FMK-type caspase inhibitors. However, an appropriate negative control to use with this inhibi- tor has not been available. In this study, we developed and analyzed a new compound, based on the Q-VD-OPh backbone, which acts as a cognate negative control. To create the negative control, we substituted a glutamate residue for the aspartate residue to create Q-VE-OPh, thereby retaining the identical charge and molecular properties with only the addition of an extra –CH2 group. The purity and quality were assessed by ion trap mass spectrometry and verified by nuclear magnetic resonance. We determined the effectiveness of Q-VE-OPh, in comparison to Q-VD-OPh, to prevent DNA fragmentation in human Jurkat T leukemia cells that were induced to undergo apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of DNA laddering, the hallmark indicator of apoptosis. Our results indicate that apoptosis was potently inhibited by Q-VD-OPh. In stark contrast, Q-VE-OPh did not inhibit apoptosis at a similar dose but required at least 20 times greater concentration than Q-VD-OPh to have any inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis showed that Q-VE-OPh was similarly less effective at inhibiting the activation of the extrinsic (caspase 8) and intrinsic (caspase 9) initiator caspases. Cell proliferation and viability studies further demonstrate that Q-VE-OPh is non-toxic, even at high concentration. Our data indicate that the specificity, effectiveness, and absence of toxicity of Q-VE-OPh provides the appropriate and superior negative control for in vitro and in vivo studies when analyzing the effects of o-phenoxy caspase inhibitors

Q-VE-OPh, a Negative Control for O-Phenoxy-Conjugated Caspase Inhibitors

The broad-spectrum apoptosis (caspase) inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, has been shown to have no side effects and is effective at a much lower concentration than other FMK-type caspase inhibitors. However, an appropriate negative control to use with this inhibi- tor has not been available. In this study, we developed and analyzed a new compound, based on the Q-VD-OPh backbone, which acts as a cognate negative control. To create the negative control, we substituted a glutamate residue for the aspartate residue to create Q-VE-OPh, thereby retaining the identical charge and molecular properties with only the addition of an extra –CH2 group. The purity and quality were assessed by ion trap mass spectrometry and verified by nuclear magnetic resonance. We determined the effectiveness of Q-VE-OPh, in comparison to Q-VD-OPh, to prevent DNA fragmentation in human Jurkat T leukemia cells that were induced to undergo apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis for the presence of DNA laddering, the hallmark indicator of apoptosis. Our results indicate that apoptosis was potently inhibited by Q-VD-OPh. In stark contrast, Q-VE-OPh did not inhibit apoptosis at a similar dose but required at least 20 times greater concentration than Q-VD-OPh to have any inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis showed that Q-VE-OPh was similarly less effective at inhibiting the activation of the extrinsic (caspase 8) and intrinsic (caspase 9) initiator caspases. Cell proliferation and viability studies further demonstrate that Q-VE-OPh is non-toxic, even at high concentration. Our data indicate that the specificity, effectiveness, and absence of toxicity of Q-VE-OPh provides the appropriate and superior negative control for in vitro and in vivo studies when analyzing the effects of o-phenoxy caspase inhibitors