The origins of polarimetric image contrast between healthy and cancerous human colon tissue

International audienceExperimentally measured spectral Mueller matrix images of ex vivo human colon tissue revealed the contrast enhancement between healthy and cancerous zones of colon specimen compared to unpolarized intensity images. Cancer development starts with abnormal changes which being not yet visible macroscopically may alter the polarization of reflected light. We have shown with experiments and modeling that light scattering by small (sub wavelength) scatterers and light absorption (mainly due to blood hemoglobin) are the key factors for observed polarimetric image contrast. These findings can pave the way for the alternative optical technique for the monitoring and early detection of cancer

Inhibition of glucuronidation in pancreatic cancer improves gemcitabine anticancer activity

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatmentis focused on two regimens. The polychemotherapy, FOLFIRINOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxali-platin), is used in patients with good health conditions, while gemcitabine, as monotherapy, in patients withpoor health conditions. Gemcitabine resistance-associated pathways have been targeted to sensitize cancercells, but the results were disappointing. Using a transcrip-tomic bioinformatics analysis combined with biologicalvalidation, we showed that glucuronidation was associated with the gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, and its inhibition could switch tumors from resistant to sensitive.To unravel the biological drivers of gemcitabineresponse in PDAC, we determined the transcriptomic dissimilarity between two preclinical models with definedgemcitabine sensitivity.Fil: Fraunhoffer Navarro, Nicolas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Meilerman Abuelafia, Analía. Inserm; FranciaFil: Chanez, Brice. Inserm; FranciaFil: Bigonnet, Martin. Inserm; FranciaFil: Gayet, Odile. Inserm; FranciaFil: Roques, Julie. Inserm; FranciaFil: Chuluyan, Hector Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Dusetti, Nelson. Inserm; FranciaFil: Iovanna, Juan Lucio. Inserm; Franci

Does Chemotherapy-Induced Liver Injury Impair Postoperative Outcomes After Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases?

peer reviewed[en] BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-associated liver injuries (CALI) have been associated with poor postoperative outcome after open liver resection. To date, no data concerning any correlation of CALI and laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) are available. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of CALI on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing LLR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent in our department LLR for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) from 2000 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to their pathological histology. In group 1 patients had normal liver parenchyma. Group 2 included patients with steatosis and steatohepatitis. Patients with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) were allocated to group 3, whereas the remaining with fibrosis and cirrhosis, were assigned to group 4. RESULTS: A total of 490 LLR for CRLM were included in the study. Perioperative details and morbidity did not differ significantly between the four groups. Subgroup analysis showed that NRH was associated with higher amount of blood loss (p = 0.043), overall (p = 0.021) and liver-specific morbidity (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: NRH is a severe form of CALI that may worsen the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing LLR for CRLM. However, the remaining forms of CALI do not have a significant impact on perioperative outcomes after LLR

Hémoptysies (traitements, conduite à tenir radiologique, complications)

L'hémoptysie se définit comme un rejet par la bouche, au cours d'un effort de toux, de sang rouge aéré d'origine sous-glottique. Elle peut-être symptôme ou maladie, dont le degré de gravité oriente la prise en charge ; le clinicien confronté à une hémoptysie doit garder présent à l'esprit le risque potentiel d'évolution rapidement gravissime des symptômes, l'évolution d'une hémoptysie étant toujours imprévisible. Si le traitement de l'hémoptysie a longtemps été soit médical, soit chirurgical, une alternative s'est proposée aux cliniciens depuis une trentaine d'années : l'embolisation artérielle bronchique par artériographie bronchique. Selon l'étiologie, elle représente soit une solution intermédiaire transitoire entre une prise en charge médicale et un traitement chirurgical, soit une solution définitive. L'embolisation artérielle bronchique est une technique efficace de radiologie interventionelle thoracique pour le traitement des hémoptysies massives et ou répétitives. En raison de la gravité des complications potentielles, une embolisation bronchique ne doit être réalisée que lorsque l'indication est parfaitement posée, le patient et le médecin demandeur devant être clairement informés des risques de l'intervention. Néanmoins, le radiologue interventionel doit lui-même être parfaitement formé à la réalisation de l'embolisation artérielle bronchique. Le but de ce travail est de présenter aux radiologues interventionels en formation ou déjà expérimentés les difficultés qu'ils peuvent rencontrer en cours de procédure. Cette étude s'appuie sur des dossiers du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens nous permettant de présenter des procédures d'artériographie avec réalisation d'embolisation, les découvertes faites au moment de l'examen, l'éventuelle apparition de complications et les solutions mises en œuvreAMIENS-BU Santé (800212102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

PANCREATECTOMIE DISTALE AVEC CONSERVATION DE LA RATE (PEUT-ON RESEQUER LE PEDICULE SPLENIQUE ?)

PARIS6-Bibl. St Antoine CHU (751122104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Laparoscopic optical biopsies: In vivo robotized mosaicing with probe-based confocal endomicroscopy

International audience— Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is a promising technology for performing minimally-invasive optical biopsies. With the help of mosaicing algorithms, several studies reported successful results in endoluminal surgery. In this paper, we present a prototype for making robotized optical biopsies on a variety of organs inside the abdominal cavity. We chose a macro-micro association, with a macropositioner, a micropositioner and a passive mechanical compensation of physiological motion. The probe is actuated by three hydraulic micro-balloons and can be moved on the surface of an organ to generate a mosaic. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a first in vivo trial on a porcine model