Health and Early Retirement: Evidence from French Data for individuals

Health status during the working life plays a major role in the retirement decision. Significant links between professional paths, retirement age and retirement conditions (disability pension, inability pension, reduced-rate pension, or full rate by age) can be highlighted by logistic models regressions and a typology of the professional careers of the 1940-generation of the French Social Security insured, whose the insurance period is insufficient to fulfill the full-rate pension criterion.health status, incomplete careers, retirement timing, Social Security

A closure theory for the split energy-helicity cascades in homogeneous isotropic homochiral turbulence

We study the energy transfer properties of three dimensional homogeneous and isotropic turbulence where the non-linear transfer is altered in a way that helicity is made sign-definite, say positive. In this framework, known as homochiral turbulence, an adapted eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) closure is derived to analyze the dynamics at very large Reynolds numbers, of order $10^5$ based on the Taylor scale. In agreement with previous findings, an inverse cascade of energy with a kinetic energy spectrum like $\propto k^{-5/3}$ is found for scales larger than the forcing one. Conjointly, a forward cascade of helicity towards larger wavenumbers is obtained, where the kinetic energy spectrum scales like $\propto k^{-7/3}$. By following the evolution of the closed spectral equations for a very long time and over a huge extensions of scales, we found the developing of a non monotonic shape for the front of the inverse energy flux. The very long time evolution of the kinetic energy and integral scale in both the forced and unforced cases is analyzed also.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Profils types des salariés du secteur privé : approche par une classification des carrières.

Les salariés du secteur privé constituent une population aux parcours professionnels très divers. Notre travail vise à synthétiser cette diversité en déterminant des groupes de salariés aux profils de carrière proches grâce à une analyse de classification qui intègre le caractère longitudinal des parcours. L'évolution de la représentativité des profils identifiés pour les salariés nés entre 1935 et 1960 permet alors d'illustrer certains des changements intervenus sur le marché du travail au cours des dernières décennies. Les résultats témoignent notamment de la persistance d'un noyau dur de carrières continues, longues et à salaires élevés, et de la part croissante des carrières précaires, marquées par le chômage et aux salaires faibles.Private-sector employees follow highly varied career paths. To reduce this diversity, we cluster employees by means of a classification of their career profiles. The shifts in the representativeness of the clusters between the 1935 and 1960 birth cohorts illustrate several changes in the labor market in recent decades. We find a persistent “hard core” of long, steady, high-wage careers, and a growing share of precarious careers marked by unemployment spells and low wages.Carrières; secteur privé; classification; career paths; private sector;

Un modèle de carrières types dynamiques pondérées pour le Régime général d’assurance vieillesse : une application aux conséquences de la réforme de 2003.

Les trajectoires suivies par les assurés du Régime général sont diverses et cette hétérogénéité rend difficile l’appréciation de la situation des futurs retraités dont la pension reçue est calculée selon des règles complexes. Un modèle de projection structuré autour de carrières représentatives et pondérées permet d’appréhender les mécanismes entrant en jeu et les disparités intra- et intergénérationnelles qu’ils induisent. Une illustration des potentialités d’un tel modèle nous est donnée par l’examen des conséquences de la dernière réforme des retraites.The heterogeneity of private-sector career paths raises many problems for estimating future retirees’pensions, which are calculated according to complex rules. Using a projection model based on typical and weighted career profiles, we can grasp the mechanisms involved and assess intra- and intergenerational disparities. Our study of the effects of France’s latest pension reform illustrates the potential of such a model.Réforme des retraites; secteur privé; carrières types; modèles de projection; pension reform; private sector; typical careers; projection tools;

Cascade of circulicity in compressible turbulence

The purpose of this work is to investigate whether a cascading process can be associated with the rotational motions of compressible three-dimensional turbulence. This question is examined through the lens of circulicity, a concept related to the angular momentum carried by large turbulent scales. By deriving a Monin-Yaglom relation for circulicity, we show that an ``effective'' cascade of this quantity exists, provided the flow is stirred with a force having a solenoidal component. This outcome is obtained independently from the expression of the equation of state. To supplement these results, a coarse-graining analysis of the flow is performed. This approach allows to separate the contributions of the transfer and production terms of circulicity and to discuss their respective effects in the inertial range

Career Interruptions : How Do They Impact Pension Rights ?.

The aim of this article is to analyse the question of career interruptions and to evaluate their impact on pension retirement for French private sector workers. Using the last French survey on households' wealth (2003-2004), we first study the career set-backs for individuals born between 1937 and 1949. We highlight the new trends in professional paths. The risk of unemployment and job flexibility has sharply risen. As a consequence, some cohorts appear to be more exposed to career interruptions. Second, we determine how pension rights for French employees are affected by different career accidents. We consider unemployment, part-time employment and inactivity periods. Our results show how, by compensating for some career accidents, the French legislation allows individuals to receive, in some cases, the same level of social security pension that they would have received with a smooth professional path.Part Time; Pension; Retirement; Social Security; France;

Temps partiel et ségrégation professionnelle femmes-hommes : une affaire individuelle ou de contexte professionnel ?

Les femmes privilégient-elles des métiers où le temps partiel est répandu ou est-ce l’exercice de certains métiers par les femmes qui y favorise le temps partiel ? L’article propose un éclairage de cette question en rappelant les thèses liant ségrégation et temps de travail et en exploitant les enquêtes Emploi de l’Insee de 2013 à 2016. L’analyse rend compte de l’importance de la ségrégation professionnelle sexuée en France et de la fréquence du temps partiel dans les métiers mixtes et féminisés, que le temps partiel soit attaché au poste ou demandé par les salarié·es. Le temps partiel « contraint » est l’attribut d’une main-d’œuvre employée et ouvrière surreprésentée dans les métiers féminisés, aussi bien féminine que masculine. Le temps partiel « choisi » concerne davantage les femmes, plutôt les non-cadres des métiers mixtes et féminisés, et répond à des motivations différentes pour chacun des sexes : familiales pour les femmes, professionnelles pour les hommes. Pour eux, le recours au temps partiel semble lié à l’organisation du travail, ce qui est moins évident pour les femmes.Do women prefer occupations where part-time work is widespread, or is it because women are in these occupations that part-time work is widespread in the said occupations? This article contributes to clarify that question by recalling the theses linking segregation and working time, and by using the INSEE’s Employment Surveys 2013 to 2016. It shows the importance of gender segregation in France and the frequency of part-time work in mixed and female-dominated occupations. Involuntary part-time work is the attribute of blue and white-collar employees, overrepresented in female-dominated occupations, but both females and males. “Voluntary” part-time work concerns more women, more the non-executives in the mixed and female-dominated occupations, and it responds to different motivations for each gender: childcare for women, professional reasons for men. For men, opting for part-time seems to depend on work organization in the occupation, which is less obvious for women

Assessing the genetic diversity and the temporal evolution of plant populations for an optimized conservation: the example of the tuberous-rooted chervil.

International audienc

Generic versus branded antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy

This protocol for a Cochrane Review is out of date and has been withdrawn in order to adhere to Cochrane policy. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication