Software Quality Objectives for Source Code

International audienceThe MathWorks - Renault SA - PSA Peugeot Citroën - Delphi Diesel System - Valeo group wrote together a code quality standard from scratch. This document describes how the code standard places the proof of absence of run-time errors at the centre of its software quality model. It details how the following elements of the quality model co-exist together with the supplier code life cycle: MISRA-C coding standard, the absence of run-time errors and some code complexity metrics. Additionally, this document describes how the Automotive manufacturers and the suppliers have to agree on and achieve different Software Quality Objectives according to the code life cycle stage and the safety aspects of the application.Finally, the document illustrates that standard with the PolySpace product and details how the product can help both the automotive manufacturer and the supplier working with this standard

Context-Based Intrusion Detection Using Snort, Nessus and Bugtraq Databases

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) use di#erent techniques to reduce the number of false positives they generate. Simple network context information such as the communication session state has been added in IDS signatures to only raise alarms in the proper context. However, this is often not su#cient and more network context information needs to be added to these Stateful IDS (SIDS) signatures to reduce the number of false positives. IDS are also used with other network monitoring systems such as Vulnerability Detection Systems (VDS) and vulnerability databases in centralized correlation systems to determine the importance of an alarm. The correlation mechanism relies on the accuracy of a standardized relationship between IDS signatures, VDS signatures and the vulnerability databases. In this paper, we study the strength of the relationships between Snort signatures, Nessus scripts and the Bugtraq vulnerability database, as well as their potential for information correlation and for deriving network context that could be incorporated in intrusion detection signatures

Toward automatic generation of Intrusion Detection verification rules

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a crucial element of a network security posture. One class of IDS, called signature-based network IDSs, monitors network traffic, looking for evidence of malicious behavior as specified in attack descriptions (referred to as signatures). Many studies have reported that IDSs can generate thousands of alarms a day, many of which are false alarms. The problem often lies in the low accuracy of IDS signatures. It is therefore important to have more accurate signatures in order to reduce the number of false alarms. One part of the false alarm problem is the inability of IDSs to verify attacks (i.e. distinguish between successful and failed attacks). If IDSs were able to accurately verify attacks, this would reduce the number of false alarms a network administrator has to investigate. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a data mining algorithm to automatically generate IDS verification rules. We show that this automated approach is effective in reducing the number of false alarms

Model-driven, network-context sensitive intrusion detection

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have the reputation of generating many false positives. Recent approaches, known as stateful IDSs, take the state of communication sessions into account to address this issue. A substantial reduction of false positives, however, requires some correlation between the state of the session, known vulnerabilities, and the gathering of more network context information by the IDS than what is currently done (e.g., configuration of a node, its operating system, running applications). In this paper we present an IDS approach that attempts to decrease the number of false positives by collecting more network context and combining this information with known vulnerabilities. The approach is model-driven as it relies

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge. 16. Euro Fed Lipid Congress Fats, Oils and Lipids: Science, Technology and Nutrition in a Changing Worl

The phase and charge of milk polar lipid membrane bilayers govern their selective interactions with proteins as demonstrated with casein micelles

The biological membrane surrounding fat globules in milk (milk fat globule membrane; MFGM) is an interface involved in many biological functions and interactions with the surrounding proteins or lipolytic enzymes in the gastro-intestinal tract during digestion. The MFGM exhibits lateral heterogeneities resulting from the different phase states and/or head-group charge of the polar lipids, which were both hypothesized to drive interaction with the casein micelles that is the major milk protein assembly. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging was used to track the interactions of casein micelles with hydrated supported lipid bilayers of different composition, phase state and charge. Zeta-potential and Langmuir isotherms of the different polar lipids offered additional information necessary to interpret AFM observations. We showed that the negatively-charged casein micelles did not interact with milk sphingomyelin in the gel or liquid-ordered phases but did interact with polar lipids in the liquid-disordered phase (unsaturated polar lipids and milk sphingomyelin above its melting point). A wide intermolecular distance between polar lipids allowed protein adsorption on the membranes. However, the presence of the anionic polar lipids phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol prevented any interaction with the casein micelles, probably due to electrostatic repulsion. These results open perspectives for the preparation of tailored emulsions covered by polar lipids able to modulate the interfacial interactions with proteins

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge. 16. Euro Fed Lipid Congress Fats, Oils and Lipids: Science, Technology and Nutrition in a Changing Worl

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge. IDF WDS 2018 Dairy for the next generatio

Deciphering the role of interfacial properties of milk fat globule membrane in its interaction with the surrounding proteins, the casein micelles

The interactions between the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and proteins (e.g. enzymes, caseins, whey proteins) are poorly known despite their importance in many interfacial mechanisms occurring at the surface of milk fat globules. The MFGM exhibits polar lipids lateral heterogeneities: the zwitterionic milk sphingomyelin (MSM) molecules form domains in gel-phase or in liquid-ordered (Lo) phase in the presence of cholesterol, that are surrounded by a fluid matrix of phospholipids in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase composed of the unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) [1,2].AimThe aim of this study was to determine how the phase state and head-group charge of MFGM polar lipids drive interactions with the negatively charged casein micelles, as the major milk protein assembly.MethodsHydrated supported lipid bilayers with various compositions were prepared, including MFGM polar lipid extract, MSM, MSM/cholesterol, MSM/DOPC, DOPC/PS/PI. Real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging in liquid was performed before and after injection of casein micelles. Zeta-potential and Langmuir isotherms of the different polar lipids offered complementary information.ResultsThe interaction of casein micelles with milk polar lipids is hindered by the high lateral packing density of MSM domains in gel and Lo phases and by the negative charge of PI and PS, certainly due to electrostatic repulsions. But the casein micelles did adsorb onto the Ld phases of DOPC and of MSM above its phase transition temperature (T>Tm=34.3°C[3]), probably as a result of large inter-molecular distances.ConclusionThe absence of interaction between casein micelles and the complex MFGM polar lipids is due to the MSM-rich ordered domains and to the presence of anionic phospholipids in the Ld phase. These results open perspectives for the design of liposomes and emulsions with variable capacity for protein adsorption by the modulation of phase state and charge of the interfacial polar lipids.References: [1] Et-Thakafy et al., Food Chem., 2017, 220, 352–361 [2] Murthy et al., BBA-Biomembranes, 2016, 1858, 2181-2190[3] Murthy et al., BBA-Biomembranes, 2015, 1848, 2308-231

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge

The interactions between milk polar lipid membrane bilayers and the casein micelles depend on the phase state and charge. IDF WDS 2018 Dairy for the next generatio