Déformation de la peau d'un personnage avec prise en compte des contacts

National audienceLors de l'animation d'un maillage représentant la peau d'un personnage ou d'un animal par exemple, des techniques dites de skinning sont utilisées pour le déformer au niveau des articulations. Bien que très populaires dans l'industrie pour leur très faible coût d'évaluation, les techniques de skinning géométrique comme le LBS (Linear Blending Skinning) ou les dual quaternions, ne permettent pas d'imiter de façon crédible les déformations des membres. Pour mieux capturer le comportement de la peau, d'autres méthodes basées seulement sur le maillage, utilisent des calculs coûteux comme la détection de collisions ou la correction de volume. Toutefois ces approches restent seulement adaptées au rendu hors ligne. Nous présentons la première méthode temps réel produisant une déformation du maillage en prenant en compte le contact de la peau et, éventuellement, le gonflement des muscles. Nous proposons d'utiliser de façon conjointe le maillage et une représentation volumique. Le maillage est approximé avec une surface implicite qui nous permet de le déformer de façon plausible tout en traitant les collisions et en conservant les détails du maillage

Implicit Skinning: Real-Time Skin Deformation with Contact Modeling

SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference ProceedingsInternational audienceGeometric skinning techniques, such as smooth blending or dualquaternions, are very popular in the industry for their high performances, but fail to mimic realistic deformations. Other methods make use of physical simulation or control volume to better capture the skin behavior, yet they cannot deliver real-time feedback. In this paper, we present the first purely geometric method handling skin contact effects and muscular bulges in real-time. The insight is to exploit the advanced composition mechanism of volumetric, implicit representations for correcting the results of geometric skinning techniques. The mesh is first approximated by a set of implicit surfaces. At each animation step, these surfaces are combined in real-time and used to adjust the position of mesh vertices, starting from their smooth skinning position. This deformation step is done without any loss of detail and seamlessly handles contacts between skin parts. As it acts as a post-process, our method fits well into the standard animation pipeline. Moreover, it requires no intensive computation step such as collision detection, and therefore provides real-time performances

Robust iso-surface tracking for interactive character skinning

International audienceWe present a novel approach to interactive character skinning, which is robust to extreme character movements, handles skin contacts and produces the effect of skin elasticity (sliding). Our approach builds on the idea of implicit skinning in which the character is approximated by a 3D scalar field and mesh-vertices are appropriately re-projected. Instead of being bound by an initial skinning solution used to initialize the shape at each time step, we use the skin mesh to directly track iso-surfaces of the field over time. Technical problems are two-fold: firstly, all contact surfaces generated between skin parts should be captured as iso-surfaces of the implicit field; secondly, the tracking method should capture elastic skin effects when the joints bend, and as the character returns to its rest shape, so the skin must follow. Our solutions include: new composition operators enabling blending effects and local self-contact between implicit surfaces, as well as a tangential relaxation scheme derived from the as-rigid-as possible energy to solve the tracking problem

Breast cancer stem cells: implications for therapy of breast cancer

The concept of cancer stem cells responsible for tumour origin, maintenance, and resistance to treatment has gained prominence in the field of breast cancer research. The therapeutic targeting of these cells has the potential to eliminate residual disease and may become an important component of a multimodality treatment. Recent improvements in immunotherapy targeting of tumour-associated antigens have advanced the prospect of targeting breast cancer stem cells, an approach that might lead to more meaningful clinical remissions. Here, we review the role of stem cells in the healthy breast, the role of breast cancer stem cells in disease, and the potential to target these cells

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Déformation de la peau d'un personnage avec prise en compte des contacts

National audienceLors de l'animation d'un maillage représentant la peau d'un personnage ou d'un animal par exemple, des techniques dites de skinning sont utilisées pour le déformer au niveau des articulations. Bien que très populaires dans l'industrie pour leur très faible coût d'évaluation, les techniques de skinning géométrique comme le LBS (Linear Blending Skinning) ou les dual quaternions, ne permettent pas d'imiter de façon crédible les déformations des membres. Pour mieux capturer le comportement de la peau, d'autres méthodes basées seulement sur le maillage, utilisent des calculs coûteux comme la détection de collisions ou la correction de volume. Toutefois ces approches restent seulement adaptées au rendu hors ligne. Nous présentons la première méthode temps réel produisant une déformation du maillage en prenant en compte le contact de la peau et, éventuellement, le gonflement des muscles. Nous proposons d'utiliser de façon conjointe le maillage et une représentation volumique. Le maillage est approximé avec une surface implicite qui nous permet de le déformer de façon plausible tout en traitant les collisions et en conservant les détails du maillage

Myeloid cells coordinately induce glioma cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways for chemoresistance via GP130 signaling

http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008672 Wilhelm Sander-Stiftunghttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 DFGhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017734 Anni Hofmann Stiftun