Bioenergy Co-products as Swine Feed Ingredients: Combining DDGS and Glycerol

Bioenergy production generates two major coproducts—distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from ethanol plants and crude glycerol from biodiesel plants. We need to evaluate whether these co-products, DDGS and glycerol, can be fed in combination to partially meet the feed energy needs of growing pigs. If successful, the diet with 25% DDGS and 10% glycerol has the potential to reduce corn feeding to market pigs by 40+%. The objective was to evaluate feeding crude glycerol and DDGS in combination to market swine. At the processing plant, a fat sample was taken from the jowl of each pig. The fat sample was analyzed for fatty acids. Pig performance and carcass traits did not differ between diets. Fatty acid composition showed differences based on the dietary treatments. Saturated fatty acids were highest for diets with the most corn and least DDGS – the corn-soy and 10% glycerol diets (P \u3c 0.01). Mono unsaturated fatty acids were highest for the 10% glycerol diet and decreased as DDGS was added with the lowest value for the 25% DDGS diet (P \u3c 0.01). Poly-unsaturated fats were lowest for the corn-soy and 10% glycerol diets and highest for the 25% DDGS diets (P \u3c 0.001). The results of this study show that pig performance was not affected by the addition of DDGS and crude glycerol. The amount of corn fed can be reduced by the addition of DDGS and glycerol. DDGS increases the unsaturated fatty acids in pork fat. Crude glycerol addition partially offsets the DDGS fatty acid effect by reducing polyunsaturated fatty acid content

Effect of Slow and Rapid Peroxidation of Corn Oil on the Performance and Energy Storage of Broiler Chicks

The extraction of corn oil from DDGS has led to an increase in the utilization of coil oil in poultry diets. This corn oil has the opportunity to undergo peroxidation during storage or processing. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of peroxidation of corn oil on growth and performance of broiler chicks. Broiler chicks were provided corn-soybean based diets containing unperoxidized corn oil (UPO), slowly peroxidized corn oil (SO; heated for 72 h at 95ᵒC), and rapidly peroxidized corn oil (RO; heated for 7 h at 185ᵒC). Corn oil was added at a 5% inclusion 0- 14 d and 10% inclusion 15-27 d. A fourth treatment consisted of a supplemental oil-free diet to be used to determine the apparent metabolizable energy nitrogen corrected (AMEn) of each corn oil diet. As expected the diets without supplemental oil resulted in reduced performance, but no significant differences were observed among oil-supplemented birds for body weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio (FCR). There was a significant difference in abdominal fat pad (AFP) weights of the broilers fed RO corn oil compared to the birds fed UPO corn oil. Analysis of samples for AMEn content is underway and will be reported shortly. Corn oil peroxidation status had minimal effects on broiler performance, but did result in differences in energy utilization as indicated by AFP weight

Evaluation of Energy Values of Various Oil Sources when Fed to Broiler Chicks

The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of seven different oil and fat sources used in broiler diets, primarily across the Midwestern US, were determined in a digestibility experiment. Fifteen days old, Ross 308 male broiler chicks were fed diets containing each oil or fat source at 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% inclusion levels for 7 days before excreta samples were collected to analyze AMEn on day 21. The AMEn was calculated using 2 different methods, including a linear equation slope method as well as calculating the difference between basal diet and oil containing diets. The AMEn values determined by linear equation slope method for the oil and fat sources were generally in line with historic data. Differences in animalvegetable blended fats were observed and care should be given when using these sources in feed formulations. Direct comparison of the excess energy contributed by the 3% diets provided an average of 69% increase over the energy value derived from the equations. This increase in estimated energy can be attributed to an extra caloric effect of the additional fat due to increased digesta transit time and absorption rate of dietary energy

Feeding Bioenergy Coproducts to Swine: Crude Glycerol

Biodiesel can be produced from a variety of fats and oils. Soybean oil is the primary feedstock in Iowa. In general, soybean oil is mixed with an alcohol (usually methanol) and a catalyst. The action of the alcohol and catalyst cause the oil (triacylglyceride) molecules to be broken down into methyl esters (biodiesel) and crude glycerol. Crude glycerol is the principal co-product of biodiesel production. For every gallon of biodiesel produced, 0.7 pounds of crude glycerol are co-generated. Biodiesel sales in the United States have increased rapidly since 1999 and annual production capacity in the U.S. is nearly 1.4 billion gallons. Iowa has 11 operating plants with 3 additional plants expected to be operational by December 2007. Production capacity in Iowa for biodiesel is 318.5 million gallons. Approximately 110,000 tons of crude glycerol could be generated annually by the biodiesel plants within Iowa

Growth and Performance of Nursery Pigs Fed Crude Glycerol

The growth and performance of 96 nursery pigs fed crude glycerol was evaluated in a 33 d trial. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and had an average start weight of 7.9±1.2 kg (17.4±2.6 lb). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to corn soybean diets containing three levels of crude glycerol, 0, 5, or 10%. Diets were formulated to be ioscaloric and isolysinic. There was no difference in pig performance based on dietary treatment. Crude glycerol can be fed to young pigs as an energy source without growth or performance effects