Student Engagement in Higher Education: Theoretical Perspectives and Practical approaches for Diverse Populations. (2nd edition)

As enrollment in postsecondary education increases, so does the diversity of students. Because merely attracting students to college is not enough if we want them to flourish and graduate, institutional leaders and college and university constituents aim to create welcoming teaching and learning environments to retain students while preparing them for the diverse workforce they will enter upon graduation

New Priorities in Prevention of Oral Disease *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65793/1/j.1752-7325.1982.tb04057.x.pd

Introduction to the Symposium

January 25, 1995, is the 50th anniversary of the first controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply. Those 50 years have seen extraordinary advances in oral health and consequent quality of life, for which fluoride use is generally considered the primary reason. More extensive exposure to fluoride in the modern era, however, has led to both a continuing decline in caries experience and an increased prevalence of dental fluorosis in children. At the other end of life, fluoride's role in bone strength among older people is not well defined. This symposium examines several aspects of fluoride use in the United States today, and has the purpose of helping to define the balance between maximizing the benefits of fluoride while minimizing its undesirable side effects.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65193/1/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02329.x.pd

INFLUENCES FOR CHANGE IN THE DENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF POPULATIONS: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66434/1/j.1752-7325.1978.tb03753.x.pd

Public Health Implications of Recent Research in Periodontal Diseases

Knowledge of the epidemiology, natural history, and bacterial etiology of the periodontal diseases has advanced considerably as a result of research conducted through the 1980s. Prevention and control of these conditions, however, remains mechanical, cumbersome, and often impractical, based as it is on bacterially nonspecific plaque removal for an indeterminate period. This research has not yet changed the content of public health programs, but it does affect the way the programs are applied. Because severe, generalized disease seems to be less prevalent than previously thought, the need of regular, routine professional care for everybody is questioned. Professional care in a public health context is likely to be more efficient when targeted toward those with severe disease. Dental health education for personal oral hygiene is still supported by scientific studies, though a targeted approach and careful assessment of educational content is needed. Until predictive screening methods for identifying susceptible individuals are developed, selection of priority groups for education and treatment should be guided by epidemiologic data.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66411/1/j.1752-7325.1988.tb03207.x.pd

Pre- and Posteruptive Fluoride: Do Both Actions Control Caries?

Discussion, which can get spirited, has been going on about fluoride's primary mode of action for some years. In the early days of fluoride research, it was assumed that the anticaries benefits of fluoride came from preeruptive effects; however, posteruptive action was soon evident. Today the primacy of the posteruptive hypothesis is hardly questioned; remaining questions concern the role of preeruptive fluoride. We are in the age of evidence-based dentistry, where we expect scientific evidence to shape our conclusions. In this cursory look at the data from fluoride studies, the data to support the posteruptive hypothesis are consistent from laboratory to epidemiology; findings in human populations support the mechanisms of action that have been demonstrated in the laboratory. With the preeruptive hypothesis, there is some evidence in support; however, the data are not consistent across the different areas of study. As a result, the posteruptive hypothesis can be readily adopted as the primary mechanism for fluoride's anticariogenic action. Preeruptive fluoride may have some anticaries action; but when the evidence-based philosophy is applied, the inconsistencies around the preeruptive hypothesis make it hard to adopt.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66035/1/j.1752-7325.2004.tb02778.x.pd

The University of Michigan Residency in Dental Public Health

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65767/1/j.1752-7325.1984.tb03058.x.pd

How useful are cross-sectional data from surveys of dental caries?

– Surveys are projects involving systematic data collection without a specific hypothesis to be tested and hence without a specific research design. This paper reviews their uses, and some of the issues involved with measuring dental caries in surveys. The principal benefits of surveys are in (a) monitoring trends in oral disease when the surveys are repeated periodically; and (b) giving dental health a visibility to might otherwise not gel among policy-makers. On the other hand, they are of limited use in determining treatment needs for a population, evaluating treatment outcomes, and evaluating prevention programs. Some major issues in caries surveys today include difficulties with the DMF index; the use of exclusively visual versus visual-tactile criteria; “hidden” caries; and the appropriate role for early, non-cavitated carious lesions. The DMF index suffers from its mixing of disease and treatment, and more research is needed to determine the most appropriate role for exclusively visual criteria in surveys. Trade-offs, such as weighing the benefits of exclusively visual criteria against the probable greater difficulty in finding “hidden” caries, have not been determined. Inclusion of non-cavitated lesions in a survey will increase its cost. Organizers should therefore be clear before the survey on how this additional information will be used to justify the additional expense.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75658/1/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00897.x.pd

The role of epidemiology in the study of periodontal diseases

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73516/1/j.1600-0757.1993.tb00217.x.pd