Mainstreaming van integratiebeleid: een beleidsreactie op superdiversiteit?

Waar modellen voor integratiebeleid van oudsher gebaseerd zijn op traditionele en duidelijk gemarkeerde migrantengroepen, verwijst de recente discussie rondom superdiversiteit (Vertovec, 2007) juist naar multidimensionale verschuivingen in migratiepatronen en de sterk toegenomen diversiteit tussen groepen onderling en van de samenleving als geheel (Vertovec, 2007; Meissner & Vertovec, 2015). Beschouwd vanuit deze superdiversiteitsleer wordt beleid gericht op traditionele migrantendoelgroepen gezien als een simplificatie van de diversiteit binnen en tussen migrantengroepen. Daarnaast roept de diversificatie van de samenleving als geheel vragen op over de richting en invulling van integratiebeleid gericht op bijvoorbeeld assimilatie, aangezien de samenleving zelf ook sterk verandert als gevolg van migratie (Crul, 2016). Hoe verhoudt deze oproep tot het in acht nemen van het multidimensionele karakter van diversiteit zich tot de platte praktijk van beleidsmaatregelen op het gebied van integratie en migratiediversiteit

The Politics of Mainstreaming

Svrha rada. Ustanoviti razliku u višestrukim mjerenjima broja B linija u opažača s niskom razinom iskustva u plućnoj sonografiji te utvrditi mogućnost reproducibilnosti rezultata. Ispitanici i postupci. Istraživanje je provedeno na četrdeset mehanički ventiliranih pacijenata u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja starijih od 18 godina. Ultrazvučni pregled pluća izveden je u medioklavikularnoj liniji lijevog i desnog hemitoraksa, u drugom i četvrtom interkostalnom prostoru. Izbrojen je ukupan maksimalan broj B linija vidljivih na ekranu u jednom trenutku s time da prikaz i evaluacija nisu trajali duže od deset sekundi. Nakon petnaest minuta se pregled ponovio. Rezultati. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je opažač očitovao prosječno veće vrijednosti broja B linija u drugom mjerenju nego u prvom, ali ta razlika nije statistički značajna (P=0.083). Zaključak. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u broju B linija pri višetrukim pregledima pluća u opažaća s niskom razinom iskustva.Objectives. The purpose of this research was to determine intra-rater reliability of quantifying B-lines in an observer with a low level of experience in pulmonary sonography and to determine the possibility of reproducibility of this results. Methods. The study was conducted on forty mechanically ventilated patients in an intensive care unit aged above eighteen. The ultrasound lung examination was performed in the medioclavicular line of the left and right hemithorax , in the second and fourth intercostal space. The total number of B lines displayed on the screen was counted. Quantification lasted less than ten seconds. After fifteen minutes, the examination was repeated. Results. The study showed that the observer had averaged higher values in the second measurement than in the first, but that difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.083). Conclusion. There is no statistically significant intra-observer difference in the number of B lines quantified in the observer with a low experience level

Towards a typology of local migration diversity policies

This paper contributes to the migration studies literature by a comparative analysis of local migration diversity governance in large, mid-sized and small cities, analysing the broader scope of the local dimension of migration-diversity policies. While a ‘local turn’ has taken place in migration studies over the past two decades, the literature has primarily focused on capital and gateway cities. Yet immigrants arrive and settle in a much wider range of cities. Little is known about what forms migration-diversity governance across cities of different sizes and positions. This paper therefore conducts a comparative analysis of migration diversity governance across the local dimension. Based on a qualitative, comparative analysis of migration diversity policies in 16 Dutch municipalities between 2014 and 2018, I distinguish between different local migration diversity policy approaches: ‘proactive pluralist’, ‘proactive monist’, ‘reactive embedded’ and ‘reactive one-domain’. This illustrates the variety of local approaches to migration diversity and thus argues against ‘a local dimension’ of migration diversity governance, rather arguing for different types of local approaches. The proactive cities explicitly chose their own framing for their migration diversity policies, in contradiction to the supposed ‘paradigmatic’ character of the local level, instead showing that cities position their own framing of migration diversity. The types of migration diversity policies I distinguish provide an analytical framework and starting point for further research on the variety of local migration diversity approaches