Complete histologic normalisation is associated with reduced risk of relapse among patients with ulcerative colitis in complete endoscopic remission

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153611/1/apt15568.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153611/2/apt15568_am.pd

The expressions of HSP70 and αB-crystallin in myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus in lambs

This study describes the expression of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) and alpha-basic-crystallin (α-BC) and their association with apoptosis and some related adaptor proteins in the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-induced myocarditis in lambs. HSP70 was generally overexpressed in the myocardial tissues and inflammatory cells of FMDV-induced myocarditis with differential accumulation and localization in same hearts when compared to non-foot-and-mouth disease control hearts. α-BC immunolabeling showed coarse aggregations in the Z line of the cardiomyocytes in FMDV-infected hearts in contrast to control hearts. Overall, the results of this study show that the anti-apoptotic proteins, HSP70 and α-BC, were overexpressed with increased apoptosis in FMDV-infected heart tissues. Both proteins failed to protect the cardiomyocytes from apoptosis as defense mechanisms to the FMDV during the infection, suggesting that the virus is able to increase apoptosis via both downregulation and/or upregulation of these anti-apoptotic proteins

Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Folate and cobalamin are methyl donors needed for the synthesis of methionine, which is the precursor of S-adenosylmethionine, the substrate of methylation in epigenetic, and epigenomic pathways. Methyl donor deficiency produces liver steatosis and predisposes to metabolic syndrome. Whether impaired fatty acid oxidation contributes to this steatosis remains unknown.METHODS: We evaluated the consequences of methyl donor deficient diet in liver of pups from dams subjected to deficiency during gestation and lactation. RESULTS: The deprived rats had microvesicular steatosis, with increased triglycerides, decreased methionine synthase activity, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. We observed no change in apoptosis markers, oxidant and reticulum stresses, and carnityl-palmitoyl transferase 1 activity, and a decreased expression of SREBP-1c. Impaired beta-oxidation of fatty acids and carnitine deficit were the predominant changes, with decreased free and total carnitines, increased C14:1/C16 acylcarnitine ratio, decrease of oxidation rate of palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine and decrease of expression of novel organic cation transporter 1, acylCoA-dehydrogenase and trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha and decreased activity of complexes I and II. These changes were related to lower protein expression of ER-α, ERR-α and HNF-4α, and hypomethylation of PGC-1α co-activator that reduced its binding with PPAR-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α. CONCLUSIONS: The liver steatosis resulted predominantly from hypomethylation of PGC1-α, decreased binding with its partners and subsequent impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This link between methyl donor deficiency and epigenomic deregulations of energy metabolism opens new insights into the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, in particular, in relation to the fetal programming hypothesis

Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis: A Comprehensive Review

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by periods of remission and periods of relapse. Patients often present with symptoms such as rectal bleeding, diarrhea and weight loss, and may require hospitalization and even colectomy. Long-term complications of UC include decreased quality of life and productivity and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Mucosal healing (MH) has gained progressive importance in the management of UC patients. In this article, we review the endoscopic findings that define both mucosal injury and MH, and the strengths and limitations of the scoring systems currently available in clinical practice. The basic mechanisms behind colonic injury and MH are covered, highlighting the pathways through which different drugs exert their effect towards reducing inflammation and promoting epithelial repair. A comprehensive review of the evidence for approved drugs for UC to achieve and maintain MH is provided, including a section on the pharmacokinetics of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha drugs. Currently approved drugs with proven efficacy in achieving MH in UC include salicylates, corticosteroids (induction only), calcineurin inhibitors (induction only), thiopurines, vedolizumab and anti-TNF alpha drugs (infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab). MH is of crucial relevance in the outcomes of UC, resulting in lower incidences of clinical relapse, the need for hospitalization and surgery, as well as reduced rates of dysplasia and colorectal cancer. Finally, we present recent evidence towards the need for a more strict definition of complete MH as the preferred endpoint for UC patients, using a combination of both endoscopic and histological findings.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neuronal apoptosis by HIV-1 Vpr: contribution of proinflammatory molecular networks from infected target cells

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) induces neuronal dysfunction through host cellular factors and viral proteins including viral protein R (Vpr) released from infected macrophages/microglia. Vpr is important for infection of terminally differentiated cells such as macrophages. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Vpr in the context of infectious virus particles on neuronal death through proinflammatory cytokines released from macrophages.Methods: Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were infected with either HIV-1 wild type (HIV-1wt), Vpr deleted mutant (HIV-1{increment}Vpr) or mock. Cell lysates and culture supernatants from MDMs were analyzed for the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were analyzed in activated MDMs by western blots. Further, the effect of Vpr on neuronal apoptosis was examined using primary neurons exposed to culture supernatants from HIV-1wt, HIV-1{increment}Vpr or mock-infected MDMs by Annexin-V staining, MTT and Caspase - Glo® 3/7 assays. The role of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on neuronal apoptosis was also evaluated in the presence or absence of neutralizing antibodies against these cytokines.Results: HIV-1{increment}Vpr-infected MDMs exhibited reduced infection over time and specifically a significant downregulation of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α at the transcriptional and/or protein levels compared to HIV-1wt-infected cultures. This downregulation was due to impaired activation of p38 and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HIV-1{increment}Vpr-infected MDMs. The association of SAPK/JNK and p38 to IL-1β and IL-8 production was confirmed by blocking MAPKs that prevented the elevation of IL-1β and IL-8 in HIV-1wt more than in HIV-1{increment}Vpr-infected cultures. Supernatants from HIV-1{increment}Vpr-infected MDMs containing lower concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α as well as viral proteins showed a reduced neurotoxicity compared to HIV-1wt-infected MDM supernatants. Reduction of neuronal death in the presence of anti-IL-1β and anti-IL-8 antibodies only in HIV-1wt-infected culture implies that the effect of Vpr on neuronal death is in part mediated through released proinflammatory factors.Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate the ability of HIV-1{increment}Vpr to restrict neuronal apoptosis through dysregulation of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in the infected target cells either directly or indirectly by suppressing viral replication. © 2012 Guha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Pathological aspects of inflammatory bowel disease in human and effects of methyl donor deficiency on intestine development in rat

Les maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales (MICI) représentent un groupe de pathologies fréquentes. L'apport de l'analyse anatomopathologique des prélèvements dans le cadre de ces pathologies représente un rôle non négligeable dans la prise en charge des patients atteints par ces maladies. Nous avons montré que la présence de lésions de pléxite sur la limite proximale de pièces de résection iléocaecale relative à une atteinte par la maladie de Crohn était prédictive d'une rechute de la maladie nécessitant une seconde chirurgie, pouvant ainsi guider le clinicien pour une prise en charge thérapeutique plus adaptée. D'un point de vue physiopathologique, les MICI sont des maladies dont la pathogénie reste encore en partie à élucider. Dans ce travail nous avons montré l'importance de certains acteurs comme PPAR gamma et NRLP6 dans le maintien d'un fonctionnement normal de l'intestin. Il en est de même pour une carence en donneurs de méthyles : nous avons démontré qu'une telle carence aggravait les lésions de colite induites par DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) chez le rat. Afin de mieux comprendre comment une carence en donneurs de méthyles pouvait intervenir dans la pathogénie de la maladie de Crohn, nous avons étudié l'impact de cette carence sur le fonctionnement et le développement de l'intestin grêle chez des ratons issus de mères carencées en folate et en vitamine B12 durant la gestation et l'allaitement, démontrant ainsi qu'un déficit en donneurs de méthyles entraîne des conséquences sur le fonctionnement de l'intestin grêle, pouvant ainsi créer un état de prédisposition au développement de la maladie de CrohnInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are very frequent. Pathological examination in IBD management is important for the diagnosis and for the follow-up of the disease. In this study we show that submucosal plexitis in the proximal resection margins and early surgical revision after the first ileocecal resection are associated with CD recidive requiring surgical treatment. It could be very important in order to stratify patients according to their risk, identifying those who can benefit from aggressive medication regimen, possibly modifying the natural course of CD. IBD pathogenesis is not completely clarified. We show the importance of molecules as PPAR gamma and NRLP6 in intestinal homeostasis : a reduced expression of PPAR gamma and NRLP6 could predispose of IBD. The same observation is made for methyl donor deficiency (MDD): methyl deficient diet aggravates experimental colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in rat. To understand how MDD could play a part in Crohn?s disease pathogenesis, we investigated whether MDD may affect development and functions of small intestine in rat pups from dams subjected to the MDD during gestation and lactation. MDD has dual effects on small intestine by producing dramatic effects on enterocyte differentiation and barrier function in rats. Our observations could explain how vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can play a role in Crohn?s disease developmen

Aspects anatomopathologiques des maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales chez l'homme et effet d'une carence en donneurs de méthyles sur le développement intestinal chez l'animal

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are very frequent. Pathological examination in IBD management is important for the diagnosis and for the follow-up of the disease. In this study we show that submucosal plexitis in the proximal resection margins and early surgical revision after the first ileocecal resection are associated with CD recidive requiring surgical treatment. It could be very important in order to stratify patients according to their risk, identifying those who can benefit from aggressive medication regimen, possibly modifying the natural course of CD. IBD pathogenesis is not completely clarified. We show the importance of molecules as PPAR gamma and NRLP6 in intestinal homeostasis : a reduced expression of PPAR gamma and NRLP6 could predispose of IBD. The same observation is made for methyl donor deficiency (MDD): methyl deficient diet aggravates experimental colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in rat. To understand how MDD could play a part in Crohn?s disease pathogenesis, we investigated whether MDD may affect development and functions of small intestine in rat pups from dams subjected to the MDD during gestation and lactation. MDD has dual effects on small intestine by producing dramatic effects on enterocyte differentiation and barrier function in rats. Our observations could explain how vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can play a role in Crohn?s disease developmentLes maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales (MICI) représentent un groupe de pathologies fréquentes. L'apport de l'analyse anatomopathologique des prélèvements dans le cadre de ces pathologies représente un rôle non négligeable dans la prise en charge des patients atteints par ces maladies. Nous avons montré que la présence de lésions de pléxite sur la limite proximale de pièces de résection iléocaecale relative à une atteinte par la maladie de Crohn était prédictive d'une rechute de la maladie nécessitant une seconde chirurgie, pouvant ainsi guider le clinicien pour une prise en charge thérapeutique plus adaptée. D'un point de vue physiopathologique, les MICI sont des maladies dont la pathogénie reste encore en partie à élucider. Dans ce travail nous avons montré l'importance de certains acteurs comme PPAR gamma et NRLP6 dans le maintien d'un fonctionnement normal de l'intestin. Il en est de même pour une carence en donneurs de méthyles : nous avons démontré qu'une telle carence aggravait les lésions de colite induites par DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) chez le rat. Afin de mieux comprendre comment une carence en donneurs de méthyles pouvait intervenir dans la pathogénie de la maladie de Crohn, nous avons étudié l'impact de cette carence sur le fonctionnement et le développement de l'intestin grêle chez des ratons issus de mères carencées en folate et en vitamine B12 durant la gestation et l'allaitement, démontrant ainsi qu'un déficit en donneurs de méthyles entraîne des conséquences sur le fonctionnement de l'intestin grêle, pouvant ainsi créer un état de prédisposition au développement de la maladie de Croh

Aspects anatomopathologiques des maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales chez l'homme et effet d'une carence en donneurs de méthyles sur le développement intestinal chez l'animal

Les maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales (MICI) représentent un groupe de pathologies fréquentes. L'apport de l'analyse anatomopathologique des prélèvements dans le cadre de ces pathologies représente un rôle non négligeable dans la prise en charge des patients atteints par ces maladies. Nous avons montré que la présence de lésions de pléxite sur la limite proximale de pièces de résection iléocaecale relative à une atteinte par la maladie de Crohn était prédictive d'une rechute de la maladie nécessitant une seconde chirurgie, pouvant ainsi guider le clinicien pour une prise en charge thérapeutique plus adaptée. D'un point de vue physiopathologique, les MICI sont des maladies dont la pathogénie reste encore en partie à élucider. Dans ce travail nous avons montré l'importance de certains acteurs comme PPAR gamma et NRLP6 dans le maintien d'un fonctionnement normal de l'intestin. Il en est de même pour une carence en donneurs de méthyles : nous avons démontré qu'une telle carence aggravait les lésions de colite induites par DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) chez le rat. Afin de mieux comprendre comment une carence en donneurs de méthyles pouvait intervenir dans la pathogénie de la maladie de Crohn, nous avons étudié l'impact de cette carence sur le fonctionnement et le développement de l'intestin grêle chez des ratons issus de mères carencées en folate et en vitamine B12 durant la gestation et l'allaitement, démontrant ainsi qu'un déficit en donneurs de méthyles entraîne des conséquences sur le fonctionnement de l'intestin grêle, pouvant ainsi créer un état de prédisposition au développement de la maladie de CrohnInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are very frequent. Pathological examination in IBD management is important for the diagnosis and for the follow-up of the disease. In this study we show that submucosal plexitis in the proximal resection margins and early surgical revision after the first ileocecal resection are associated with CD recidive requiring surgical treatment. It could be very important in order to stratify patients according to their risk, identifying those who can benefit from aggressive medication regimen, possibly modifying the natural course of CD. IBD pathogenesis is not completely clarified. We show the importance of molecules as PPAR gamma and NRLP6 in intestinal homeostasis : a reduced expression of PPAR gamma and NRLP6 could predispose of IBD. The same observation is made for methyl donor deficiency (MDD): methyl deficient diet aggravates experimental colitis induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in rat. To understand how MDD could play a part in Crohn's disease pathogenesis, we investigated whether MDD may affect development and functions of small intestine in rat pups from dams subjected to the MDD during gestation and lactation. MDD has dual effects on small intestine by producing dramatic effects on enterocyte differentiation and barrier function in rats. Our observations could explain how vitamin B12 and folate deficiency can play a role in Crohn?s disease developmentMETZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effet antitumoral du bortezomib dans un modèle pré clinique de gliome malin chez la souris nude

Le traitement des tumeurs gliales malignes représente de nos jours un challenge. Le bortezomib est le premier inhibiteur du protéasome commercialisé. Il a démontré une efficacité antitumorale sur plusieurs types de tumeurs malignes. Notre étude évalue son effet sur un modèle pré-clinique de gliomes malins greffés chez la souris nude. La croissance tumorale est évaluée en comparant l'évolution des volumes tumoraux ainsi que celle des indices apoptotiques et prolifératifs entre les groupes contrôles et traités. Pour ce faire, nous avons évalué différentes techniques détectant les cellules apoptotiques : la détection de la caspase-3 activée en immunohistochimie est apparue la plus sensible. Celle-ci a donc été utilisée pour calculer l'indice apoptotique, l'activité proliférative étant déterminée par l'anticorps anti Ki-67. Nos résultats montrent que l'évolution des volumes tumoraux et celle des indices prolifératifs et apoptotiques ne sont pas modifiées par l'administration du bortezomib.NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF