United Kingdom: an increasingly differentiated profession

One of a selection of twelve country reports written as a contribution to the international Changing Academic Profession study that features over 20 countries. Each chapter addresses the issues of relevance, internationalisation and management and their implications for the academic profession in a particular country. These are: Australia, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Norway, Portugal and South Africa, as well as the UK

Energy and Economic Modeling of Stillage Dewatering Processes in Kentucky Bourbon Distilleries

Stillage is a byproduct of alcohol distillation and must be managed in all distilleries to sustain operations. In the United States, fuel ethanol plants typically convert all stillage into Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles (DDGS). This process and its variations are well known. Typical stillage management approaches are not well known, however, for the Kentucky bourbon industry. A survey of stillage management approaches in operational bourbon distilleries was conducted. Process modeling was performed to evaluate the energy and economic considerations of the available stillage dewatering methods for a 7 Million Original Proof Gallon (MMOPG) distillery. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the uncertainty in key economic parameters associated with each stillage dewatering approach. It was found that Kentucky bourbon distilleries smaller than 6 MMOPG tend not to dewater stillage, and instead only sell whole stillage. Distilleries larger than 7.5 MMOPG use traditional dewatering methods, but only process some whole stillage and sell a variety of spent grains byproducts instead of solely selling DDGS. It was found that it is most economically advantageous for both the business and society for a 7 MMOPG distillery to process all whole stillage into DDGS. The modeled approaches which most closely represent those used by larger bourbon distilleries have the worst economic outcomes

02-03-1971 Correspondence from Brennan to Blackmun

Dear Harry: My vote would be not to resort to the certification procedure to ask the proposed question. For me, the portion of the oath referred to is unconstitutional even if interpreted as suggested by the question

06-30-1986 Justice Brennan, Per Curiam

These cases present several issues arising out of petitioners\u27 action against respondents for alleged racial discrimination in employment and provision of services by the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service (Extension Service). The District Court declined to certify various proposed classes and, after a lengthy trial, entered judgment for respondents in all respects, finding that petitioners had not carried their burden of demonstrating that respondents had engaged in a pattern or practice of racial discrimination. The District Court also ruled against each of the individual plaintiff \u27s discrimination claims. The Court of Appeals affirmed. 751 F. 2d 662 (CA4 1984). We hold, for the reasons stated in the opinion of JUSTICE BRENNAN, that the Court of Appeals erred in holding that under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended. the Extension Service had no duty to eradicate salary disparities between white and black workers that had their origin prior to the date

06-10-1971 Correspondence from Brennan to Harlan

Dear John: While I still think that the so-called Stromberg ground of Sicurella would be enough to reverse this conviction, I am persuaded by your opinion that the otheraspect of Sicurella also requires reversal. I, therefore, would be happy to haveyou join me

03-24-1988 Correspondence from Brennan to Rehnquist

Dear Chief, Please join me

07-01-1986 Per Curiam

These cases present several issues arising out of petitioners\u27 action against respondents for alleged racial discrimination in employment and provision of services by the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service (Extension Service). The District Court declined to certify various proposed classes and, after a lengthy trial, entered judgment for respondents in all respects, finding that petitioners had not carried their burden of demonstrating that respondents had engaged in a pattern or practice of racial discrimination. The District Court also ruled against each of the individual plaintiff \u27s discrimination claims. The Court of Appeals affirmed. 751 F. 2d 662 (CA4 1984)

02-09-1977 Correspondence from Brennan to Rehnquist

Dear Bill: I had originally intended to dissent but defected and joined your Per Curiam. That, however, was before John circulated his subversive dissent. You can therefore credit (or blame) him for my defection back to my original decision, reflected in the enclosed

02-02-1977 Correspondence from Brennan to Rehnquist

John\u27s dissent suggests more problems with this case than I had fully appreciated and I am going to do some more thinking about it. As a minimum I think his Part III is well taken. I had not discerned that the Court of Appeals had not passed on the property interest claim. I think John\u27s disposition could be incorporated in your Per Curiam and do it no damage