Ghrelin endocrine cells in the human stomach during prenatal and early postnatal development

The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance, localization and density of ghrelin cells in the human stomach during prenatal development. For this purpose the antrum and corpus of embryos, fetuses and infants are stained immunohistochemically by the streptavidin-biotin technique. The presence of P/D1 cells at 11 weeks of fetal development, their highest density during the first detection and higher density in the corpus than in antrum, and their localization in the glandular base of stomach gland, all suggest that ghrelin plays a major role in the early stages of the developing stomach

BRCA1 and TOP2A gene amplification and protein expression in four molecular subtypes of breast cancer

We studied TOP2A amplification (using FISH methods), and TOP2A and BRCA1 protein overexpression (immunohistochemistry) in four molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Of 53 patients, 32 showed TOP2A and 38 showed BRCA1 overexpression. The highest percentage of TOP2A amplification (47.8%) and deletion (13%) was detected in Luminal B subtypes. Of 11 Luminal B tumors with TOP2A amplification, 9 (81.8%) overexpressed TOP2A. BRCA1 protein overexpression showed significant positive correlation with TOP2A protein expression. BRCA1 and TOP2A proteins exhibited similar patterns of expression in Luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting the same prognosis in those patients

Endocrine cells in human fetal corpus of stomach: appearance, distribution, and density

While ghrelin cells were the most numerous during the se Since reports on endocrine cells and their kinetics in the corpus of the human stomach are limited, the aim of this study was to examine the appearance, localization, density, and the relationship among the endocrine cell types in the corpus of the human stomach during prenatal and early postnatal development. We examined chromogranin A, somatostatin, ghrelin, glucagon, and serotonin expression by immunohistochemistry in 2 embryos, 38 fetuses, and 3 infants in the corpus of human stomach. Chromogranin A secreting endocrine cells were identified in the corpus at week 10 of gestation. Somatostatin cells were present from the 10th week, ghrelin and serotonin cells from the 11th week, and glucagon cells from the 12th week of gestation. Endocrine cells were present individually or clustered within the glandular base and body during the first trimester, and were present separately within the basal and central parts of glands during the second and third trimesters. Somatostatin cells were the most common type of cells (similar to 46 %) during the first trimestercond trimester (similar to 34 %), and in infants (similar to 28 %). The percentage of glucagon cells was significant only during the first trimester of pregnancy (5.5 %), and the percentage of serotonin cells was only significant just before birth (4.8 %). These results show, for the first time, that the largest number of endocrine cells are present in the corpus during the first trimester of prenatal development. Also, these results suggest that secretory products of endocrine cells play a role in the regulation of homeostasis, growth, and differentiation, and in human stomach function