Dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão de literatura / Dual tasks in Parkinson’s disease: a literature review

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) consiste em um transtorno neurodegenerativo crônico, causado pela degeneração de neurônios que sintetizam o neurotransmissor dopamina na região do cérebro denominada de núcleos da base, na área mais conhecida como substância negra, resultando na redução da quantidade de dopamina na região do corpo estriado, outra área cerebral.  O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em observar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os efeitos e os benefícios da dupla tarefa na doença de Parkinson. O formato escolhido foi o bases de dados SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e PEDro (Bade de Dados em Evidências em Fisioterapia)., de uma revisão da literatura, com artigos dos últimos cinco anos provenientes das nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês com ênfase nos seguintes descritores: Dupla Tarefa; Parkinson; Reabilitação; Fisioterapia. Os resultados destacaram melhorias em torno dos sintomas cognitivos e motores, favorecendo o equilíbrio, a marcha, desenvolvimento de habilidades de automatização, transferência de aprendizado, tempo de caminhada, diminuição do fenômeno de congelamento e atenuando significativamente o risco de quedas, de maneira que o paciente da DP tenha melhorias significativas acerca de sua qualidade de vida. Com o advento da fisioterapia no enfrentamento da Doença de Parkinson, as abordagens terapêuticas com ênfase na dupla tarefa contribuem de forma ímpar na reabilitação desses indivíduos

Avaliação da eficácia dos psicoestimulantes na intervenção do TDAH em crianças e adolescentes

This article presents a literature review on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, focusing on the effectiveness of psychostimulants in treating this condition. ADHD is a neurobehavioral condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, are often prescribed for symptom control. This review addresses epidemiological aspects, definition, pathophysiology of the disease and medications, and discusses the results of studies on the effectiveness and safety of psychostimulants. It is concluded that psychostimulants are effective in treating ADHD, but long-term safety issues need to be considered.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) em crianças e adolescentes, com foco na eficácia dos psicoestimulantes no tratamento dessa condição. O TDAH é uma condição neurocomportamental caracterizada por sintomas de desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade. Os psicoestimulantes, como o metilfenidato e a anfetamina, são frequentemente prescritos para o controle dos sintomas do TDAH. Esta revisão aborda os aspectos epidemiológicos, definição, fisiopatologia da doença e dos medicamentos, além de discutir os resultados de estudos sobre a eficácia e segurança dos psicoestimulantes. Conclui-se que os psicoestimulantes são eficazes no tratamento do TDAH, mas questões sobre sua segurança a longo prazo precisam ser consideradas

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Caracterização de biomassa lignocelulósica para uso em processos térmicos de geração de energia

A busca por alternativas energéticas sustentáveis é interessante devido à preocupação mundial com as emissões geradas na queima de combustíveis fósseis que resultam em danos ambientais, o que torna a biomassa um recurso atrativo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização físico-química de seis amostras de biomassa brasileiras: bagaço de cana, cascas de amendoim, arroz e café, serragem de pinus e semente de tucumã, com a finalidade de avaliar o potencial energético desses materiais para aplicação em rotas térmicas de conversão para geração de energia. As amostras foram avaliadas por técnicas térmicas, termogravimetria (TG), análise térmica diferencial (DTA) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), a fim de evidenciar as etapas referentes à perda de umidade do material e a degradação da matéria orgânica. As análises porosimétricas, de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e de difratometria de raios X (DRX), demonstraram diferenças na composição da matriz lignocelulósica das biomassas, o que resultou em comportamentos térmicos diferentes avaliados pelo perfil das curvas TG/DTA e DSC. Por meio das análises de fluorescência de raios X foi possível identificar diversos metais que compõem os resíduos gerados ao fim do processo térmico. Foi determinado ainda o poder calorífico superior (PCS) experimental e teórico, cujos valores encontram-se entre 15 e 20 MJ kg-1 que comparado aos valores teóricos apresentam uma pequena variação do erro absoluto, entre 1,49 e 2,30 MJ kg-1, sendo a semente de tucumã a biomassa que apresentou maior valor de PCS, 20,77 MJ kg-1. Os métodos matemáticos (Friedman e Model Free Kinetics) foram utilizados para estimar a energia de ativação das amostras estudadas em duas atmosferas, nitrogênio e ar, resultando em perfis de curva de E? versus conversão semelhantes. A semente de tucumã apresentou menor valor de...The search for sustainable energy alternatives is interesting due to the global concern about the emissions generated by the burning of fossil fuels, which result in environmental damage and make the biomass an attractive feature. This paper reports on the physicochemical characterization of six samples of Brazilian biomasses, namely bagasse, peanut shells, rice and coffee, sawdust and pine seed tucumã, for the assessment of their energy potential for applications to thermal conversion routes for power generation. The samples were evaluated by thermal techniques, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the stages related to the loss of the material moisture and degradation of organic matter were showed. The porosimetric analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed differences in the composition of the matrix lignocellulosic biomass, which resulted in different thermal behaviors assessed by the TG/DTA and DSC profile curves. The X-ray fluorescence analysis identified different metals in the waste produced after thermal processing. The experimental and theoretical higher heating value (HHV), which ranged between 15 and 20 MJ kg-1 was also determined and compared to the theoretical values. It showed a small variation in the absolute error between 1.49 and 2.30 MJ kg-1 and the seed of tucumã biomass showed higher HHV, 20.77 MJ kg-1. The mathematical methods (Friedman and Model Free Kinetics) were used to estimate the activation energy of the samples analyzed at two atmospheres, i.e., nitrogen and air, and provided similar E? versus conversion curve profiles. The tucuma seed showed the lowest E? value at the beginning of the conversion in both atmospheres (lower than 100 MJ mol-1), which indicates greater ease in the thermal conversion (combustion or pyrolysis) process. In this study enables..

Physical-chemical characterization of biomass samples for application iin pyrolysis process

The use of lignocellulosic biomass as an energy source has considerably increased. Due to the diverse natures of biomass materials, their properties widely range and exhibit different behaviors in thermal processes. The most important properties that provide information about a fuel are heating values, ash composition, proximate (determination of moisture, ash, volatile and fixed carbon content), and ultimate analysis (C, H, N, S and O composition). Moreover, the kinetic study of the thermal behavior of a fuel can be useful for the understanding of the complex decomposition process of each material. This study focuses on the physical-chemical characterization of six lignocellulosic biomasses, namely coffee husk, tucumã seed, sugar cane bagasse, peanut shell, rice husk and pine sawdust, widely available in Brazil. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to study their decomposition behavior in a pyrolytic environment. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric data were used and the application of a model-free isoconversional method enabled the evaluation of the activation energy (Ea) of the biofuels. The curves also show that the behavior during thermal decomposition varies from one biomass to another and these differences imply the importance of a comprehensive characterization study of fuels for the development and optimization of reactors. The knowledge on biomass properties enables the prediction of environmental impacts and technical aspects related to thermal processes. Therefore, thermal decomposition behavior is a consequence of the feedstock physical-chemical characteristic, which also provides valuable information regarding features of the complex reactions that occur throughout the pyrolysis of the biomass.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

António Rodrigues (1954-2008): In Memoriam

O presente número da revista Arte Teoria é um número atípico. Por várias razões: em primeiro lugar, porque é o primeiro que não tem o Prof. Doutor José Fernandes Pereira como director.Com efeito, no momento em que iniciamos uma nova etapa, não podemos deixar de lhe prestar a mais absoluta homenagem e expressar apenas um desejo: que a sua ausência institucional não seja demasiado notada, e que a qualidade e dinâmica que imprimiu à revista possam continuar, bem como o seu apoio prestigiado, tanto a nível pessoal como universitário. Em segundo lugar, porque se trata de uma homenagem in Memoriam ao colega e amigo Prof. Doutor António Rodrigues, professor da Faculdade de Belas Artes, historiador e crítico de arte, que desapareceu acerca de dois anos, vítima de doença, e que pelo seu inesperado, nos deixou a todos incrédulos e demasiado tristes. O resultado do nosso esforço de preservação de alguma da memória que o António representou, está à vista: a forma admirável e solícita como os seus amigos responderam, só os prestigia e diz muito acerca do homenageado.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio