Genetic study of Murgese horse from genealogical data and microsatellites

The black or rarely roan Murgese is a mesomorph horse, mainly reared in Apulia, recently selected for the saddle. Thefirst official registry of Murgese was established in 1926. All the existing Murgese horses can be traced back to a smallnumber of founders (46 founder mares and 9 stallions). This work aims to monitor the genetic structure of the actualpopulation by analysing the available genealogical information from 2708 animals and a data-set containing 563 typingrecords of twelve microsatellites. Inbreeding coefficients were estimated for the whole sample and for the animals bornfrom 1992 to 1999. A total of 23 generations were found. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.0165 for the last threegenerations, whereas inbreeding was below 2% in animals born in the 92-99 period. The contribution of founders wasunbalanced. The overall FIS coefficient estimation was 0.025 and suggests that mating is generally at random in the population.However, some statistics obtained from this study, i.e. the inbreeding coefficient higher than 0.015 in the 70 animalsof the 19th, 20th, and 21st generations, should induce breeders to more attention in planning mating

Polysorbate 80 Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Its Cleavage by the Secreted Lipase LipA

Surface-associated bacterial communities known as biofilms are an important source of nosocomial infections. Microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa can colonize the abiotic surfaces of medical implants, leading to chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate. Our study demonstrates that polysorbate 80 (PS80), a surfactant commonly added to food and medicines, is able to inhibit biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa on a variety of surfaces, including contact lenses

Molecular Coancestry and Classical Genetic Distances Depict Different Patterns of Relationship Among Sheep Breeds from Southern Italy

Several molecular-based parameters, such as similarity indexes, can be adopted to optimize the management of genetic diversity in conservation programmes. From simulated data, Oliehoek et al. (2006) showed that molecular coancestry (Toro et al., 2002) is, among the possible relatedness estimators, the one that performs better in structured populations, such as populations in need of conservation usually are. Several studies have, therefore, proposed the use of molecular coancestry coefficients as a measure of genetic variability and as a useful tool for conservation of endangered breeds (Ciampolini et al., 2007; Glowatzki-Mullis et al., 2009). Here we report the results obtained evaluating within- and between-breed molecular coancestry (Toro et al., 2002), together with other classical genetic parameters, for two insular sheep breeds (Sarda from Sardinia and Comisana from Sicily), recently spread almost all over Italy, and for five local rare sheep breeds from Southern Italy

Cyclic and Torsional Fatigue Resistance of Seven Rotary Systems

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the cyclic and torsional fatigue resistance of seven rotary systems. Methods and Materials: A total of 140 instruments were tested, 20 of each system including Genius (GN) 25/0.04, TruShape (TS) 25/0.06, Logic (LOG) 25/0.06 taper, Vortex Blue (VB) 25/0.06, ProTaper Gold (PTG) 25/0.08, Hyflex CM (HCM) 25/0.06 and Hyflex EDM (EDM) 25/0.08 taper. Cyclic fatigue resistance testing was performed using an artificial stainless steel canal with a curvature (60° angle and 5-mm radius) located at 5 mm from the tip. The files (n=10) rotated until fracture, and time was recorded in seconds. The torsional test was evaluated according to ISO 3630-1. Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α=5%). The fractured surface of the instruments were assessed using scanning electron microscopy to confirm the type of fracture. Results: The cyclic fatigue resistance value of EDM was significantly higher than those of all tested instruments (P<0.05). LOG showed a higher cyclic fatigue resistance than GN or TS (P<0.05). There was no difference among the other groups (P>0.05). The torsional test showed that PTG 25/0.08 had the highest torsional strength value of all instruments tested followed by VB and EDM (P<0.05). The LOG showed significant difference only with GN (P<0.05). No difference was found among the other groups (P>0.05). In relation to angular deflection, the GN; TS; HCM, and EDM showed significantly higher values until fracture than the other groups (P<0.05). No difference was found among PTG, LOG, and VB (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our in vitro study EDM group had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance among all the tested instruments. For the torsional test, the PTG showed highest torsional strength and lowest angular deflection values

Supporting researchers conducting qualitative research into sensitive, challenging, and difficult topics: Experiences and practical applications.

Qualitative researchers often engage in work addressing challenging, difficult, or sensitive topics and are consequently exposed to the participants’ narratives which may be emotionally charged, distressing, or compromising. These narratives occasionally rest heavy on a researcher’s conscience or may linger in the mind. Much literature has assessed how best to keep participants safe, but less attention has been given to how we keep researchers safe. We therefore document the following: (1) Our experiences of the issues presented by undertaking qualitative research involving challenging, difficult, or sensitive topics; and (2) Practical principles devised to overcome these issues, ensuring safety and wellbeing amongst researchers engaging in these types of qualitative research. We provide guidance for qualitative researchers of all levels of experience and expertise on how best to protect and support themselves, their colleagues, and other collaborating research staff, when undertaking qualitative research which might otherwise feel uncomfortable or overwhelming to tackle

THE BREED TRACEABILITY OF SHEEP MEAT BY USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Safety and quality foods of animal origin are extremely important for consumers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of a method to track the breed origin of sheep meat all along the production chain using molecular genetics tools. A total of 800 samples evenly distributed among seven Italian sheep breeds have been typed at 19 STR markers, together with 90 samples from both imported sheep animals and local crossbred animals withdrawn at slaughterhouses. A maximum likelihood assignment test was adopted to evaluate STR ability to allocate samples to their true breed of origin. Sarda animals were all correctly allocated, as well as more than 98% of samples from the other breeds. Only slightly worst allocation performances were observed for imported and crossbred animals. Preliminary results seem quite promising, though further analyses will be needed in order to better understand the statistical power of such an assignment test before implementation in the sheep meat production chain

Inhomogeneous non-Gaussianity

We propose a method to probe higher-order correlators of the primordial density field through the inhomogeneity of local non-Gaussian parameters, such as f_NL, measured within smaller patches of the sky. Correlators between n-point functions measured in one patch of the sky and k-point functions measured in another patch depend upon the (n+k)-point functions over the entire sky. The inhomogeneity of non-Gaussian parameters may be a feasible way to detect or constrain higher-order correlators in local models of non-Gaussianity, as well as to distinguish between single and multiple-source scenarios for generating the primordial density perturbation, and more generally to probe the details of inflationary physics.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures; v2: Minor changes and references added. Matches the published versio

The Universal One-Loop Effective Action

We present the universal one-loop effective action for all operators of dimension up to six obtained by integrating out massive, non-degenerate multiplets. Our general expression may be applied to loops of heavy fermions or bosons, and has been checked against partial results available in the literature. The broad applicability of this approach simplifies one-loop matching from an ultraviolet model to a lower-energy effective field theory (EFT), a procedure which is now reduced to the evaluation of a combination of matrices in our universal expression, without any loop integrals to evaluate. We illustrate the relationship of our results to the Standard Model (SM) EFT, using as an example the supersymmetric stop and sbottom squark Lagrangian and extracting from our universal expression the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators composed of SM fields.Comment: 30 pages, v2 contains additional comments and corrects typos, version accepted for publication in JHE