Chemical examination of the fixed oil derived from the seeds of Lallemantia royleana Benth. or Tukhm-i-malanga

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Chemical examination of the essential oil derived from the seeds of Carum roxburghianum Benth

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Chemical examination of the essential oils derived from Anethum soa Roxb. oil from the green herb and the seeds

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Recovery of Nd from Nd-Fe-B magnet scrap of computer Hard Disk Drive

Neodymium is a rare earth element and very much in demand due to its Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet. But, now conventional route to recover the metal from minerals is not able to accomplish the required demand. Due to very wide field applicability of permanent rare earth magnets, and not proper methods available to recycle & reuse the same, there is a stock pile of magnet scrap around the globe. So, research for recycling the scrap is attracting every one in order to minimize the demand-supply gap and less dependent on the others for import. Present report is a hydrometallurgical route for the recovery of Neodymium from Nd-Fe-B magnet scrap from Hard Disk Drive (HDD) of obsolete computers through acid leaching followed by precipitation. Almost 96% of Nd present in the scrap was recovered with 2M H2SO4 at room temperature at S/L ratio 1:10 (100 g/L) in 90 minutes. The pH of the leach liquor obtained was increased using NaOH solution and was maintained between the ranges from 0.5 to 2. The pH value > 2 would result in the precipitation of Fe along with Nd. Thus, to avoid the impurity formation due to Fe precipitation, the pH value should < 2. The Nd precipitate formed was treated with HF solution when NdF3 was formed

Field Efficacy of Insecticides against Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): A Major Pest of Litchi and its Management in Bihar, India

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a subtropical fruit; family Sapindaceae. Litchi offers a good potentiality for its cultivation in Bihar both nutritionally and economically. India is the second largest global producer of litchi, next only to China. Litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradely, 1986 Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), litchi mite, leaf cutting weevils, litchi looper, and leaf roller are major pests which attack litchi plant, during different seasons. They cause damage to the litchi plant throughout the year but their seasonal abundance not only damage the plant, but also the fruits. Among these pests, C. sinensis is the prominent one remaining active throughout the year but it’s the peak period was from July to November (as shoot borer) and from March to May (as fruit borer).&nbsp; 30-70% of the dropped. The results revealed that the lowest number of fruits infestation was recorded with Lambda Cyhalothrin 5 EC @ 0.003% followed by the treatment with Spinosad which gave better result 25 % infestation was. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study management options for litchi fruit and shoot borer C. sinensis by using new control measures

Exploring Community Disaster Resilience After Kosi Floods 2008 in Bihar, India

In India, the emphasis on disaster management primarily focuses on structural reconciliation. So, post-disaster reconstruction mostly becomes inadequate to be sustainable and to help the affected people revive to their desired states of recovery. The lack of state mechanisms raises major questions about the practices adopted for sustenance at the individual and community levels. In the context of the Kosi River flood in Bihar in the year 2008, the main aim of the study is to explore the reconciliatory practices and changes in the rural society of Bihar to cope with the post-flood impacts in the absence of adequate institutional support. The present study also tries to explore the resilience capacity of community members to revive from the post-flood period. A qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory approach. A total of 23 participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview guide. Results depict that community members adopt different coping mechanisms to deal with the impact of disasters

ECRH experiments on Tokamaks SST-1 & Aditya-U and ECRH upgradation plan for SST-1

A 42GHz-500kW ECRH system [1-6] is used to carry out various experiments related to plasma breakdown and ECR heating on tokamaks SST-1 and Aditya-U. The system has been upgraded with new anode modulator power supply to launch two ECRH pulses to carry out breakdown and heating simultaneously. In SST-1, ECRH system is used routinely for plasma breakdown at fundamental harmonic, approximately 150kW power is launched for 70ms to 150ms duration and consistent plasma start-up is achieved in SST-1. In the recent experiments, second EC pulse is also launched at the plasma flat-top to heat the plasma, some heating signatures are seen but more experiments will be carried out to confirm the plasma heating with ECRH. In Aditya-U tokamak, simultaneous plasma breakdown and heating experiments are carried out successfully [2]. In the first pulse around 100kW power in fundamental O-mode is launched for 70ms duration for the breakdown at low-loop voltage and around 150kW ECRH power for 50ms duration is launched in second EC pulse to heat the plasma. In case of Aditya-U, plasma heating is observed clearly as soft X-ray signal increases sharply with ECRH. In AdityaU tokamak, deuterium plasma experiments have been carried out and ECRH launched at the flat-top of deuterium plasma current. In deuterium plasma also ECR heating is observed as soft X-ray signal increases with ECH power. For SST-1, ECRH system is being upgraded with another 82.6GHz system, this system would be used to carry out plasma heating and start-up at second harmonic. The 82.6GHz system is already connected with the SST-1 tokamak, the old 82.6GHz-200kW Gyrotron will be upgraded to 400kW system to carry out effective heating experiments on SST-1 at higher ECRH power. The paper discusses the recent results of ECRH experiments carried out on tokamaks SST-1 & Aditya-U and presents the upgradation plan of EC system for SST-1

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Not AvailableGreen fodder plays an important role in fulfilling the nutritional requirements of animals and reduce the cost of milk production. India is endowed with 512 million livestock and about 16.81 million ha agricultural land. India, with 2.29% of the land area of the world, maintains about 10.71% livestock population of the world. Green fodder is being cultivated only on 8.4 million ha (5.23%) of cropping area and the available forages are poor in quality and deficient in protein and minerals, which has a significant bearing on production potential and productivity of livestockNot Availabl