The functional significance of acetylcholine in the brain.

Hunt and Taveau (19o6} were the first to demonstrate its depressor action. Dale (1914}, with the help of his colleague Ewins, identified it in some samples of ergot and studied its pharmacology extensively. In his classical report, he described its evanescent action and suggested that it is hydrolysed rapidly in the body. He also described that it has two kinds of actions: (1) muscarinic and (2) nicotinic. The muscarinic action, a depressor effect on the effector cell, is exerted at the postganglionic endings of the parasympathetic; and its nicotinic action, which consists of an initial stimulation followed by an inhibition is exerted on the ganglionic cells of both the divisions of the autonomic nervous system

An Efficient Acetylation of Aromatic Hetero Cyclic Compounds: Silica Gel As Well As Silica-Ferric Oxide Supported Erbium (III) Triflate Used As A Novel Catalyst For First Time Under Solvent Free Conditions

ABSTRACT 2-acylated aromatic five membered heterocyclic compounds are selectively synthesized using SilicaErbium (III) Triflate and Silica-Ferric oxide-Erbium (III) Triflate as new catalytic systems as much as prominent acylating agents at varying temperature conditions. The most common oxidation sates of the Erbium +3 and Fe +3 are support to bind the anions to high activation due to the solidified addition of silica gel, silica-ferric oxide as other hand for the catalytic reaction and to give excellent quantity, quality of product in terms of yields. The easy and safe handling of the high reactive erbium triflate loaded on the silica gel reduces the reaction time (1-1.5 hrs) hours, thermal conditions (20 0 C-45 0 C) and without using solvent media to obtain better yields of 2-acylated aromatic heterocyclic molecules. The plausible mechanism of Friedel crafts acylation has been suggested

Selective-β-Acylation-of-2-Substituted Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds

ABSTRACT β-acylated hetero aromatic compounds were synthesized by Friedel Craft's acylation reacting 2-substituted aromatic heterocyclic molecules with acetic anhydride in presence of silica gel supported titanium chloride-TEBA[benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride] (SiO 2 -TiCl 4 -TEBA) at temperature 64-76 0 C for the first time. The Catalyst was strongly surface supported by Silica Gel

Ascorbic acid and melanogenesis

The ascorbic acid contents of skin, plasma and urine were estimated in 12 vitiligo cases, one albino and 10 normal subjects. All the estimations were repeated after saturation with ascorbic acid. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the ascorbic acid contents of their plasma or urine. The ascorbic acid level of vitiliginous skin was decreased; however, this difference just falls short of significance at the level P = 0.05. Further investigations with a larger group of patients are indicated

Green synthesis & catalytic study of sucrose stabilized Pd nanoparticles in reduction of nitro compounds to useful amines

An efficient chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to corresponding amino analogues was achieved using palladium/sucrose (Pd/S) nanoparticles as an eco friendly catalyst, a green approach formate in ethanol at RT. The reductions are fruitfully carried out in presence of various other reducible functional groups such as halo, alkoxy, carbonyl, and cyanide etc. The reactions are worthy and high yielding (100%). Keywords: Pd/sucrose nanoparticles, Eco friendly, Reduction, Amine formation, Methodolgy, Characterization

Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide catalyzed cyclization of hydrazides and carbon dioxide to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles under sonication

Acid catalysts facilitate many chemical reactions. Sulfonated reduced grapheneoxide (rGOPhSO3H) has shown to be an encouraging solid acid catalyst because of its efficiency, cost-effectiveness and safety of use. In this study, we prepared the rGOPhSO3H nano acid catalyst, with the introduction of aromatic sulfonic acid radicals onto GO by fractional removal of oxygenated functions. It was thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and solid state 13C MAS NMR (SSNMR). Here we report the conversion of CO2 (1.0 atm pressure, at = 50 °C, the source of C1 carbon feed stock) with hydrazides and a catalytic amount rGOPhSO3H, which through a cyclization reaction results in a new strategy for the synthesis of 5-substituted-3H-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-ones (SOxdOs) under ultrasonic irradiation. Hence this concept of cyclization opens up for new insights

Sulfonated graphene oxide-catalyzed N-acetylation of amines with acetonitrile under sonication

Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SO3H, SRGO) was synthesized by introducing aryl diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid radicals onto chemically modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) under sonication. SRGO catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, solid state 13C MAS NMR (13C SSNMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SRGO was efficiently used as a reusable, metal-free, solid acid catalyst for the direct N-acetylation of amines with acetonitrile under sonication into the corresponding amides. Thus, the method could also serve as a novel convenient alternative for the other acetylation reactions under sonication to avoid using toxic substances such as acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, and acetic acid