Energy Saving Potential of Idle Pacman Supercomputing Nodes

To determine the energy saving potential of suspending idle supercomputing nodes without sacrificing efficiency, my research involved the setup of a compute node power usage monitoring system. This system measures how much power each node draws at its diff erent levels of operation using an automated Expect script. The script automates tasks with interactive command line interfaces, to perform the power measurement readings. Steps required for the power usage monitoring system include remotely logging into the Pacman Penguin compute cluster power distribution units (PDUs), feeding commands to the PDUs, and storing the returned data. Using a Python script the data is then parsed into a more coherent format and written to a common file format for analysis. With this system, the Arctic Region Supercomputing Center (ARSC) will be able to determine how much energy is used during diff erent levels of load intensity on the Pacman supercomputer and how much energy can be saved by suspending unnecessary nodes during levels of reduced activity. Power utilization by supercomputers is of major interest to those who design and purchase them. Since 2008, the leading source of worldwide supercomputer speed rankings has also included power consumption and power efficiency values. Because digital computers utilize electricity to perform computation, larger computers tend to utilize more energy and produce more heat. Pacman, an acronym for Pacific Area Climate Monitoring and Analysis Network, is a high performance supercomputer designed for large compute and memory intensive jobs. Pacman is composed of the following general computational nodes: • 256 four-core compute nodes containing two dual core 2.6 GHz AMD Opteron processors each • 20 twelve-core compute nodes containing two six core 2.6 GHz AMD Opteron processors each • 88 sixteen-core compute nodes containing two eight core 2.3 GHz AMD Opteron processors eac

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Causes and Consequences of Supply-Demand Gap for Labour in Sugarcane in India

The paper has estimated the demand for human labour use in sugarcane and other competing crops and changes over time in its use in major cane-growing states. It has also examined the supply-demand gap in human labour for sugarcane and has provided some coping strategies. The study, based on the primary as well as secondary data on the use of human labour for sugarcane for the past 30 years (1980 to 2010), has found that sugarcane cultivation is least mechanized and most labour-intensive in almost all major canegrowing states of India. The labour-use per hectare has increased in all the cane-growing states, except Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Study has revealed that the proportion of casual labour has increased over the years in sub-tropical states because of less availability of family labour for cane cultivation. The assured labour in the form of family + attached labour is on decline, impacting sugarcane cultivation adversely. Arduous work and inhuman working conditions, lack of female participation and disintegrating traditional system of cane harvesting have been identified as the major constraints for the increasing demand and supply gaps in sugarcane cultivation. The shortage of labour is reported to hit all sugarcane cultivation operations, driving up the costs and a decline in the profit margin of farmers. The study has also found that area under cane cultivation has reduced drastically in Haryana and cane yield is stagnant or declining in Maharashtra. The coping strategies for reducing demand-supply gap suggested in the paper are: R&D efforts towards development of sugarcane harvester; development of suitable crop geometry to facilitate the movement of machineries up to the knee-high stage of the crop; change in the traditional system of cane planting for fast germination to avoid weed menace and curtailing labour requirement; popularization of cane planting by machines developed at IISR, Lucknow and popularization of multifunctional ratoon management device. The sugar mills must evolve a sound cane development plan in their cane command areas for purchase of machinery and tie up with the manufacturers and research organizations. This will help in ensuring mechanization of cane operations and avoid forced scarcity of labour in situations of labour diversion to schemes like MGNREGS.Labour supply, Supply-demand gap, Labour demand, Sugarcane, Agricultural and Food Policy, J22, J23,

Un-Obtainium: The Quest for Rare Earth Elements

The 17 rare earth elements are essential for the development of new technologies. Over the last several decades, China has established a virtual monopoly on the rare earth industry, producing over 97% of the world\u27s current demand. This was achieved by effectively undercutting other producers who stopped competing in this market. In 2010, in an effort to bolster its domestic market, China decided to reduce the amount of rare earth elements that it would export. This situation can be used to consider China\u27s relations with the rest of the world from two perspectives. (1) The realist perspective views China\u27s actions as threatening to both the US hegemony and our system of international institutions. (2) Alternatively, the liberal view interprets the Chinese activities as defensive, protectionist and benign. The liberal view has more evidence to support it, considering economic, political and social constraints that prevent the Chinese leadership from taking total control of the international marketplace for the rare earth elements. To continue its long-term development and economic growth, a rational China will choose not to act in a way that would cause other countries to mistrust China

Serum somatomedin and somatomedin generation by the perfused liver in protein malnourished rats

The studies presented in this thesis represent an attempt to characterise some aspects of the abnormalities of somatomedin physiology in protein-energy malnutrition. A suitable bioassay to study somatomedin was found in that of Van den Brande and Du Caju (1974) which makes use of uniform discs of cartilage punched from slices of immature porcine costal cartilage. The handling of the cartilage discs was made easy by the specially designed incubation rack. Preincubation increased sensitivity of the cartilage, and post incubation with radioactive tracer reduced the potential interference of varying sulphate content of assay samples. Serum samples were subjected to formal multipoint parallel line bioassay and data analysed by a computer programme designed to examine such assays. The bioassay was found to be sensitive to a concentration of serum of 5% and to have an index precision of less than 0.30 (and usually less than 0.20)

Restructuring Canada's Refugee Determination Process: A Look at Bills C-55 and C-84

Bien que le Canada affiche depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale une feuille de route généralement enviable en ce qui regarde l'accueil des réfugiés, l'existence d'une procédure formelle de revendication du statut de réfugié en sol canadien remonte seulement à la mise en oeuvre de la Loi sur l'immigration de 1976, en 1978. Le nombre de personnes qui se sont prévalues de ce système a toutefois excédé grandement ce qui avait été prévu par les fonctionnaires du Ministère de l'immigration. Ces derniers, en conséquence, insistent aujourd'hui pour que la Loi soit amendée de façon à réduire drastiquement l'accès à la revendication du statut de réfugié sur le territoire. Les amendements que proposent les projets de lois C-55 et C-84 ne sont pas sans rapport avec ce qui s'est fait récemment dans d'autres pays industrialisés, spécialement en Europe de l'ouest, où de nombreux obstacles à l'entrée des réfugiés ont été dressés. Mais quand on sait que les réfugiés sont au Canada protégés par la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, il ne fait pas de doute que les nombreuses dispositions des projets de lois C-55 et C-84 qui semblent porter atteinte à des droits de la Charte vont faire l'objet de contestations judiciaires qui, il faut l'espérer, auront pour vertu de définir les obligations internationales du Canada à l'égard des réfugiés

Prosthetic Socket Surface Initialization – For Future Use in Subject-Specific Socket Optimization

For persons with lower limb amputations the human-prosthesis interface, termed the “prosthetic socket,” remains an area of ongoing research. Patient satisfaction is closely tied to the physical comfort of the device, which includes performance factors such as fit, moisture management, stiffness/rigidity, stress concentrations, range of motion, etc. An imbalance in these factors may result lack of mobility for the patient or worse, pressure sores, a precursor to debilitating deep tissue ulcerations. Ulcerations are well documented and current socket fitting techniques, as performed by a “prosthetist,” are largely subjective, relying on the prosthetist\u27s experience and feedback from the patient. With the goal to achieve easy to manufacture patient-specific prosthetic socket designs, the technical aim of this work was to develop one critical aspect of a proposed work flow. Specifically, this work covers development and evaluation of an approach for creation of parametrized socket geometry. Accessible parameters that define a socket\u27s geometry are easily updated during iterative computer simulations, which are to be developed in future work. Initial results yielded an undesirable number of variables at the desired accuracy, yet the method appears well suited for description of other complex geometries.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2015/1059/thumbnail.jp