Primary nasopharyngeal Hodgkin's disease: case report and literature review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primary Hodgkin's disease of the nasopharynx is a rare and uncommon event. It has a relatively favorable prognosis and represents less than 1% of all documented cases of Hodgkin's disease.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 40-year-old Arabic man presented initially with bilateral nasal obstruction, which was then followed by a significant involvement of his bilateral cervical lymph nodes. His nasopharyngeal biopsy together with immunohistochemistry analysis showed negative expressions of CD15, CD20 and CD3, but positive expressions of CD30 and epithelial membrane antigen. This confirmed the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal Hodgkin's disease of a mixed cellularity subtype. The disease was at stage IIEA. Our patient received four cycles of chemotherapy, which yielded a 75% response. This was followed by irradiation of his Waldeyer's ring and supraclavicular lymph nodes. He remains in good local control after 30 months of follow-up.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The literature review and our case report discuss the optimal management of this rare and atypical localization of Hodgkin's disease, which should be differentiated from lymphoproliferations associated with Epstein-Barr virus and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p

Effect of an audience on trainee stress and performance during simulated neonatal intubation: a randomized crossover trial

Abstract Background Neonatal intubation is a stressful procedure taught to trainees. This procedure can attract additional observers. The impact of observers on neonatal intubation performance by trainees has not been studied. Our objective was to evaluate if additional observers present during neonatal mannequin endotracheal intubation (NMEI) by junior trainees, affects their performance and their stress levels. Methods A randomized cross over trial was conducted. First year residents with no experience in neonatal intubation were assigned to NMEI condition A or B randomly on day 1. Subjects were crossed over to the other condition on day 2. Condition A: Only one audience member was present Condition B: Presence of an audience of 5 health care providers. Differences in the time to successful NMEI was recorded and compared between conditions. A portable heart rate monitor was used to measure peak heart rate above baseline during NMEI under both conditions. Results Forty nine residents were recruited. 72% were female with a median age of 25 years (IQR: 24–27). Time to successful intubation was comparable under both conditions with a mean difference of − 3.94 s (95% CI: -8.2,0.4). Peak heart rate was significantly lower under condition A (mean difference − 11.9 beats/min, 95% CI -15.98 to − 7.78). Conclusion Although the time required to NMEI did not increase, our results suggest that presence of observers significantly increases trainee stress. The addition of extraneous observers during simulation training may better equip residents to deal with such stressors. Trial registration Date of registration: March 2016, NCT 02726724