Panorama of purchasing food products from family farmers for the Brazilian School Nutrition Program

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama da compra de alimentos provenientes da agricultura familiar, analisando o seu cumprimento frente às novas diretrizes de execução do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Trata-se de ensaio crítico realizado com base em revisão da literatura e em dados oficiais fornecidos pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação/Ministério da Educação/PNAE, referentes às prestações de contas dos órgãos gestores municipais relativas ao exercício 2010. O orçamento do PNAE em 2010 foi de aproximadamente R$2,5 bilhões e beneficiou 45,6 milhões de estudantes da educação básica e de jovens e adultos. Deste montante, R$ 150.397.052,68 foram destinados para a compra da agricultura familiar. No Brasil, 47,4% dos municípios adquiriram alimentos da agricultura familiar para o PNAE e o percentual médio de compra nestes municípios foi de 22,7%. Em função do caráter recente da legislação, destaca-se a necessidade de organização de gestores e agricultores para a efetivação desta normativa nos diferentes contextos brasileiros e assim contribuir tanto para o desenvolvimento econômico local, como para o fornecimento de refeições aos escolares que atendam aos princípios de uma alimentação saudável e adequada.This article seeks to describe the viewpoint of purchasing food products from family farmers, analyzing their performance within the new guidelines of the Brazilian School Nutrition Program (PNAE). It is a critical assessment based on a review of the literature and the official data provided by the National Fund for the Development of Education/Ministry of Education relating to 2010. The program budget in 2010 was approximately R$2.5 billion and attended 45.6 million children, adolescents and adults. From the total amount, R$150,397,052.68 was allocated for the purchase of agricultural products from family farmers. In Brazil, 47.4% of the local councils acquired food products from family farmers for the Brazilian School Nutrition Program and the purchase percentage was, on average, 22.7%. Given the nature of recent legislation, other aspects should be explored in order to strengthen the compliance with the regulations in different Brazilian contexts and thus contribute both to local economic development and the provision of school meals which fulfill the principles of a healthy and adequate diet

Juridical perspectives of interruption of pregnancy with zika virus infection regarding medical, emotional and social consequences

 Uganda and isolated in humans in 1952 in the same country. Up to 2007 there were few cases of human infection in African and Asian countries. The first outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in Brazil in 2015, becoming a serious public health problem due to the increase in the number of cases of microcephaly in infected pregnant women. Objective: To describe the legal abortion at Zika virus infection during pregnancy regarding medical, emotional and social consequences. perspectives of abortion for the pregnant woman with Zika virus regarding the medical, emotional and social consequences. Methods: This is a documentary study based on documents about abortion and its outcomes in Brazil. Technical norms, textbooks, indexed articles of Scopus and PubMed, documents extracted from international human rights treaties and conventions, and legal documents on the subject were used. It was decided to direct the text based on the experiences of each theme on abortion and its outcomes in Brazil, with a synthesis of the current scenario. Results: Recognizing the exceptional nature of this situation, it is sought to confer an interpretation according to the Constitution and Article 128 of the Criminal Code, based on an analogical application, which seeks to protect the physical and mental health of women infected by the Zika virus. It is possible to qualify the practice of abortion in these circumstances as atypical conduct by the state of necessity, excluding the unlawfulness by comparing with articles 23, I and 24 of the Penal Code. Conclusion: Authorizing the termination of pregnancy after diagnosis of the virus Zika guarantees women the free exercise of their reproductive rights, which is not confused with state imposition of abortion or eugenic practice.  Introduction: The Zika virus was identified in 1947 in Rhesus monkeys in the Republic of Uganda and isolated in humans in 1952 in the same country. Up to 2007 there were few cases of human infection in African and Asian countries. The first outbreak of the Zika virus occurred in Brazil in 2015, becoming a serious public health problem due to the increase in the number of cases of microcephaly in infected pregnant women. Objective: To describe the legal abortion at Zika virus infection during pregnancy regarding medical, emotional and social consequences. perspectives of abortion for the pregnant woman with Zika virus regarding the medical, emotional and social consequences. Methods: This is a documentary study based on documents about abortion and its outcomes in Brazil. Technical norms, textbooks, indexed articles of Scopus and PubMed, documents extracted from international human rights treaties and conventions, and legal documents on the subject were used. It was decided to direct the text based on the experiences of each theme on abortion and its outcomes in Brazil, with a synthesis of the current scenario.  Results: Recognizing the exceptional nature of this situation, it is sought to confer an interpretation according to the Constitution and Article 128 of the Criminal Code, based on an analogical application, which seeks to protect the physical and mental health of women infected by the Zika virus. It is possible to qualify the practice of abortion in these circumstances as atypical conduct by the state of necessity, excluding the unlawfulness by comparing with articles 23, I and 24 of the Penal Code.  Conclusion: Authorizing the termination of pregnancy after diagnosis of the virus Zika guarantees women the free exercise of their reproductive rights, which is not confused with state imposition of abortion or eugenic practice.

Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes. We used a convenience sample of Portuguese-speaking participants over age 18 years. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires and mental health instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) was administered. At 14 and 28 days later, participants were invited to complete follow-up surveys, which also included questions regarding adherence to the recommendations. A total of 409 participants completed the study – mostly young adult women holding university degrees. Results: The set of recommendations contained in Volumes 2 and 3 was effective in protecting mental health, as suggested by significant associations of adherence with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (reflecting anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively). Conclusion: The recommendations developed in this study could be useful to prevent negative mental health effects in the context of the pandemic and beyond

O PAPEL DA CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA NA REDUÇÃO DA OBESIDADE E NA REMISSÃO DE DOENÇAS METABÓLICAS

This literature review investigates the impact of bariatric surgery on obesity reduction and remission of associated metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, and sleep apnea. Through a comprehensive analysis of clinical and observational studies, we identified consistent evidence of the benefits of bariatric surgery in promoting sustained weight loss and improving metabolic comorbidities in obese patients. The results indicate that bariatric surgery can lead to remission of type 2 diabetes, reduction in blood pressure, and improvement of sleep apnea symptoms. However, careful assessment of individual risks and benefits is warranted before recommending this procedure. This review highlights the importance of bariatric surgery as an effective tool in the treatment of obesity and its metabolic complications, offering new perspectives for the management of these chronic conditions.Esta revisão da literatura investiga o impacto da cirurgia bariátrica na redução da obesidade e na remissão de doenças metabólicas associadas, como diabetes tipo 2, hipertensão arterial e apneia do sono. A partir de uma análise abrangente de estudos clínicos e observacionais, identificamos consistentes evidências dos benefícios da cirurgia bariátrica na promoção da perda de peso sustentada e na melhoria das comorbidades metabólicas em pacientes obesos. Os resultados indicam que a cirurgia bariátrica pode levar à remissão do diabetes tipo 2, redução da pressão arterial e melhoria dos sintomas da apneia do sono. No entanto, ressalta-se a necessidade de uma avaliação cuidadosa dos riscos e benefícios individuais antes da indicação desse procedimento. Esta revisão destaca a importância da cirurgia bariátrica como uma ferramenta eficaz no tratamento da obesidade e suas complicações metabólicas, oferecendo novas perspectivas para a gestão dessas condições crônicas

Psychosocial adaptation and quality of life among Brazilian patients with different hematological malignancies

This study anus to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety, and depression in patients with hematological malignancies, and to investigate the possible relationship between these symptoms and variables such as demographic data, social support, and quality of life (QOL). We studied 107 patients: 54 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 18 acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), 10 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). and 25 multiple myeloma (MM). Demographic data were collected, and three standardized instruments were applied to this group of patients: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQC30 questionnaire of QOL. the results showed a significant percentage of patients presenting with symptoms: 13% had high levels of intrusive thoughts, 20.5% had high levels of anxiety, and 16.8% had high levels of depression. Patients with MM had the lowest QOL scores in the EORTC physical functioning subscale. Patients under intravenous chemotherapy treatment had a higher level of anxiety than the monitoring patients. Patients with recent diagnosis had a level of intrusion symptoms (IES) relevantly higher than the others. the unemployed patients and those with lower social support had levels of stress, anxiety, and depression significantly higher than the others. Our results confirm the high incidence of intrusion, avoidance, anxiety, and depression in patients with hematological malignancies and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary staff to complement the treatment of these patients, including psychosocial assistance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Hematol & Hemotherapy, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Hematol & Hemotherapy, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Quantificação de colágenoem feridas dérmicas de coelhos tratados com plasma rico em plaquetas heterólogo gel

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been extensively studied as a biomaterial for wound treatment, and the heterologous PRP is usefulin the event that obtaining the patient’s own blood is impossible. This study aimed to evaluate and compare wound healing in rabbits and quantify the collagen in experimentally induced wounds in a control group and in a group treated with heterologous PRP gel. We hypothesize that this gelis capable of promoting proper healing with no adverse reactions, increased collagen content. The clinical aspects of coloring, edema, hyperemia, exudation, crust, granulation, pain sensitivity, and retraction index of the wounds were measuredon days 7, 14, and 17 after the injury. Collagen quantification by Picrosirius staining and evaluation under polarized light was performed on the 17th day. Crust was present in both groups at all evaluated time points, with the absence of other clinical signs. The wound contraction rate and collagen quantity did not differ between groups. In conclusion, the suggested hypothesis was partially confirmed; the heterologous PRP gel was unable to increase the amount of collagen and accelerate the wound healing process, however, wound healing was efficient and similar in both groups and there was no local adverse reaction. Thus, despite the scarcity of studies in the literature, the heterologous PRP gel is an effective alternative treatment for wounds in the absence of other sources of PRP.O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido amplamente estudado como um biomaterial para o tratamento de feridas, sendo o produto de fonte heteróloga indicado na impossibilidade de obtenção do sangue do próprio paciente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, avaliar e comparar a cicatrização em coelhos, e quantificar o colágeno de feridas experimentalmente induzidas, denominadas controle e tratadas, com PRP heterólogo gel. A hipótese é que este produto seja capaz de promover cicatrização adequada sem reações adversas, e promova aumento do colágeno. Os aspectos clínicos cor, edema, hiperemia, exsudato, crosta, granulação, sensibilidade a dor e índice de retração das feridas foram avaliados nos dias 7, 14 e 17 após a lesão. A quantificação do colágeno, através da coloração com Picrosirius e avaliação sob luz polarizada, foi realizada no 17º dia. Houve presença de crosta nos dois grupos em todos os momentos avaliados, com ausência dos demais sinais clínicos. O percentual de contração da lesão e quantidade de colágeno não diferiu entre os grupos. Concluiu-se que a hipótese sugerida foi comprovada em partes, ou seja, o PRP heterólogo gel não foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de colágeno e acelerar o processo de cicatrização tecidual, no entanto, a cicatrização foi eficiente e semelhante entre os dois grupos e não houve nenhum tipo de reação adversa local. Desta forma, apesar da escassez de estudos encontrados na literatura, o PRP heterólogo gel é uma alternativa de tratamento de feridas, na impossibilidade de uso de outras fontes de PRP