Towards 6Li - 40K ground state molecules

The production of a quantum gas with strong long - range dipolar interactions is a major scientific goal in the research field of ultracold gases. In their ro - vibrational ground state Li -K dimers possess a large permanent dipole moment, which could possibly be exploited for the realization of such a quantum gas. A production of these molecules can be achieved by the association of Li and K at a Feshbach resonance, followed by a coherent state transfer. In this thesis, detailed theoretical an experimental preparations to achieve state transfer by means of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP) are described. The theoretical preparations focus on the selection of an electronically excited molecular state that is suitable for STIRAP transfer. In this context, molecular transition dipole moments for both transitions involved in STIRAP transfer are predicted for the first time. This is achieved by the calculation of Franck -Condon factors and a determination of the state in which the 6Li - 40K Feshbach molecules are produced. The calculations show that state transfer by use of a single STIRAP sequence is experimentally very well feasible. Further, the optical wavelengths that are needed to address the selected states are calculated. The high accuracy of the data will allow to carry out the molecular spectroscopy in a fast and efficient manner. Further, only a comparatively narrow wavelength tuneability of the spectroscopy lasers is needed. The most suitable Feshbach resonance for the production of 6Li - 40K molecules at experimentally manageable magnetic field strengths is occurring at 155G. Experimentally, this resonance is investigated by means of cross - dimensional relaxation. The application of the technique at various magnetic field strengths in the vicinity of the 155G Feshbach resonance allows a determination of the resonance position and width with so far unreached precision. This reveals the production of molecules on the atomic side of the resonance, thereby establishing the first observation of a many body effect in the crossover regime of a narrow Feshbach resonance. Further, mass dependent factors, with which the equilibration of an induced anisotropic temperature of the trapped particle samples can be described, are experimentally determined for the first time. The type of resonance as well as the measured molecular lifetimes are found to be very well suited for STIRAP transfer. A Raman laser system is designed based on the transition wavelengths and durations of state transfer which are predicted. As the wavelengths of the Raman lasers differ widely but coherence of the light fields is needed, the technical realization of a laser system is challenging. As a part of the laser system, the construction and characterization of a reference optical resonator are presented. Laser frequency stabilization with a linewidth of approximately 500Hz and an Allan deviation below 10−12 for timespans up to several ten seconds are demonstrated. Further, the stabilization of a frequency comb to this reference laser is demonstrated. For the laser spectroscopy of electronically excited Li -K states an interferometric laser frequency stabilization will be used. The device is a commercial design, for which a calibration procedure that enhances the precision by several orders of magnitude is worked out within this thesis. The calibration scheme includes the precise measurement of the stabilization’s wavelength dependent frequency deviations by means of a frequency comb. By the implementation of several calibration steps a remaining frequency deviation of less than 5.7MHz (rms 1.6MHz) in the whole relevant wavelength range 750 - 795 nm is achieved. Only the exceptional precision of the fully calibrated device permits the usage for the Li -K spectroscopy, while the demonstrated wide tuning capability facilitates the completion of the latter in a fast and convenient manner

The Calibration Home Base for Imaging Spectrometers

The Calibration Home Base (CHB) is an optical laboratory designed for the calibration of imaging spectrometers for the VNIR/SWIR wavelength range. Radiometric, spectral and geometric calibration as well as the characterization of sensor signal dependency on polarization are realized in a precise and highly automated fashion. This allows to carry out a wide range of time consuming measurements in an ecient way. The implementation of ISO 9001 standards in all procedures ensures a traceable quality of results. Spectral measurements in the wavelength range 380–1000 nm are performed to a wavelength uncertainty of +- 0.1 nm, while an uncertainty of +-0.2 nm is reached in the wavelength range 1000 – 2500 nm. Geometric measurements are performed at increments of 1.7 µrad across track and 7.6 µrad along track. Radiometric measurements reach an absolute uncertainty of +-3% (k=1). Sensor artifacts, such as caused by stray light will be characterizable and correctable in the near future. For now, the CHB is suitable for the characterization of pushbroom sensors, spectrometers and cameras. However, it is planned to extend the CHBs capabilities in the near future such that snapshot hyperspectral imagers can be characterized as well. The calibration services of the CHB are open to third party customers from research institutes as well as industry

The Calibration Home Base for Imaging Spectrometers: Present Activities in an Overview

The Calibration Home Base (CHB) at the Remote Sensing Technology Institute of the German Aerospace Center DLR-IMF) is an optical laboratory designed for the calibration of imaging spectrometers for the VNIR/SWIR wavelength range. Radiometric, spectral and geometric characterization is realized in the CHB in a precise and highly automated fashion. This allows performing a wide range of time consuming measurements in an effcient way. The implementation of ISO 9001 standards in all procedures ensures a traceable quality of results. DLR-IMF owns a Norsk Elektro Optikks A/S HySpex airborne imaging spectrometer system. Consisting of two separate devices (VNIR-1600 and SWIR-320me) the setup covers the spectral range from 400 nm to 2500 nm. This system, which is available to the public for flight campaigns, has been thoroughly characterized in the CHB. Due to the latter, the Level 1 data produced by this HySpex system is of very high quality. While the manufacturers calibration has been compared to device parameters determined in the CHB, additional parameters have been measured. These include, among other data, spectral response and line spread functions. DLR-IMF will support the calibration and characterization campaign of the future German spaceborne hyperspectral imager EnMAP. In the context of this campaign, a procedure for the correction of imaging artifacts, such as caused by stray light, is currently being developed. Goal is the correction of diffuse in-band stray light as well as ghosts down to a level of a few digital numbers in the whole wavelength range 400-2500 nm. Compared to EnMAP the HySpex sensors have the same or higher spectral and spatial resolution. Therefore, airborne data will be used to prepare for and validate the spaceborne systems data. Hyperspectral snapshot or single frame sensors offer the possibility to simultaneously acquire hyperspectral data in 2 dimensions. Recently, these rather new spectrometers have arisen much interest in the remote sensing community. Different designs are currently used for "smaller scale" observation such as by use of small unmanned aerial vehicles. In this context the CHBs measurement capabilities are currently extended such that a standard measurement procedure for these new sensors will be implemented. The CHB and the airborne Hyspex sensors are made available to the public through the user service Optical Airborne Remote Sensing and Calibration Home Base (OpAiRS)

ILC Reference Design Report Volume 1 - Executive Summary

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2s^-1. This report is the Executive Summary (Volume I) of the four volume Reference Design Report. It gives an overview of the physics at the ILC, the accelerator design and value estimate, the detector concepts, and the next steps towards project realization.The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2s^-1. This report is the Executive Summary (Volume I) of the four volume Reference Design Report. It gives an overview of the physics at the ILC, the accelerator design and value estimate, the detector concepts, and the next steps towards project realization

ILC Reference Design Report Volume 4 - Detectors

This report, Volume IV of the International Linear Collider Reference Design Report, describes the detectors which will record and measure the charged and neutral particles produced in the ILC's high energy e+e- collisions. The physics of the ILC, and the environment of the machine-detector interface, pose new challenges for detector design. Several conceptual designs for the detector promise the needed performance, and ongoing detector R&D is addressing the outstanding technological issues. Two such detectors, operating in push-pull mode, perfectly instrument the ILC interaction region, and access the full potential of ILC physics.This report, Volume IV of the International Linear Collider Reference Design Report, describes the detectors which will record and measure the charged and neutral particles produced in the ILC's high energy e+e- collisions. The physics of the ILC, and the environment of the machine-detector interface, pose new challenges for detector design. Several conceptual designs for the detector promise the needed performance, and ongoing detector R&D is addressing the outstanding technological issues. Two such detectors, operating in push-pull mode, perfectly instrument the ILC interaction region, and access the full potential of ILC physics

ILC Reference Design Report Volume 3 - Accelerator

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam delivery system. This report is Volume III (Accelerator) of the four volume Reference Design Report, which describes the design and cost of the ILC.The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam delivery system. This report is Volume III (Accelerator) of the four volume Reference Design Report, which describes the design and cost of the ILC

International Linear Collider Reference Design Report Volume 2: PHYSICS AT THE ILC

This article reviews the physics case for the ILC. Baseline running at 500 GeV as well as possible upgrades and options are discussed. The opportunities on Standard Model physics, Higgs physics, Supersymmetry and alternative theories beyond the Standard Model are described.This article reviews the physics case for the ILC. Baseline running at 500 GeV as well as possible upgrades and options are discussed. The opportunities on Standard Model physics, Higgs physics, Supersymmetry and alternative theories beyond the Standard Model are described