Some Aspects of Bacterial Symbiosis

Abstract Not Provided

The genome sequence of the Dark Arches Apamea monoglypha (Hufnagel, 1766)

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Apamea monoglypha (the Dark Arches, Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 576 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.5 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 17,963 protein coding genes

Letter from J[ohn] H. Boyes to John Muir, 1888 Jan 19.

[in margin: 213]Himrods Yates Co N.Y. Jan. 19th /88Mr. John MuirMy Dear old friendHaving thought of you a thousand times and longing to hear from you I have resolved to write hoping to find you. A Prof- [essor?] Crowhurst or [illegible] took the last evening with me and read me a glowing account of you in a lecture on the Yosemite Valley by Rev. Thos [Guard D.P.?] which very much pleased me. The Prof- said he thought I could find you by writing you in care of the Overland Monthly and so I anxiously write this short note and if you receive it and [illegible] I will unburden my feelings to you in a long letter By the Bye I have some intentions of coming out to Cal. I have written to the Rev. E. B. Hatch of Salinas City in reference to a field of labor out there. And how I would like to see you.! And now will yo please answer, and send me a good photo of yourself if you have one? and I will send you my photo (recently taken in return) And now when I weight about 183.. tho I am not afraid of the [awks?] hanging around the old Hollow carrying me off. However I might say that a wineglass dose has. Impatiently waiting a reply I am your very dear_ friendJ. H. Boyes0128

Plant pathology: Many roads lead to resistance

Recent studies suggest that plant disease-resistance responses use multiple signaling pathways acting subsequent to pathogen recognition, and that phosphorylation cascades play a prominent role in the recognition and execution of foreign invaders

The speed of sound in gases with application to equations of state and sonic nozzles

The speed of sound in a number of gases has been measured. Values were obtained from measurements of the frequencies of the radial modes of a spherical resonator. At low pressures( < 1 MPa) the speed of sound was determined using a 40 mm aluminium spherical resonator which was operable over wide ranges of temperature. Three substances were studied: ethane, tetrafluoromethane and methanol. Perfect-gas heat capacities and, second and third acoustic virial coefficients were determined from an analysis of the results. From the acoustic virial coefficients, estimates of the second and, in some instances) the third (p, Vm, T) virial coefficients were obtained. Results were compared with previous determinations. For measurements at pressures up to 10 MPa a new stainless steel resonator was constructed for which a detailed description is given. Measurements were performed over the temperature range 250 to 350 K and at pressures up to 10 MPa in the pure gases argon, nitrogen, and methane, and in the binary mixture of methane and ethane with mole fraction composition {(1 - x)CH₄ + xC₂H₆}, where x=0.15. Under such conditions the acoustic model was tested severely. The fractional precision of the results was generally better than 10 parts per million in u' for the whole temperature and pressure range. Acoustic and volumetric virial coefficients have been calculated from the results and are compared with previous determinations. For the industrially important gases, comparison of the experimental speeds of sound with those predicted from equations of state have been performed

Cardiorespiratory requirements of the 6-min walk test in patients with left ventricular systolic disfunction and no major structural heart disease

The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is widely used to assess functional status in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare metabolic gas exchange during the 6-MWT in older patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and in breathless patients with no major structural heart disease (MSHD); (2) to determine the exercise intensity of the 6-MWT relative to peak oxygen uptake; (3) to establish the accuracy and reproducibility of the Metamax 3B ergospirometer during an incremental workload. Twenty four older patients with LVSD (19 male; age 76 ± 5 years; BMI 27 ± 4), and 18 patients with no MSHD (12 male; age 75 ± 8 years; BMI 27 ± 4) attended on consecutive days at the same time. Patients completed a 6-MWT with metabolic gas exchange measurements using the Metamax 3B portable ergospirometer, and an incremental cycle ergometry test using both the Metamax 3B and Oxycon Pro metabolic cart. Patients returned and performed a second 6-MWT and an incremental treadmill test, metabolic gas exchange was measured with the Metamax 3B. In patients with LVSD, the 6-MWT was performed at a higher fraction of maximal exercise capacity (p = 0.02). The 6-MWT was performed below the anaerobic threshold in patients with LVSD (83 %) and in patients with no MSHD (61 %). The Metamax 3B showed satisfactory to high accuracy at 10 W and 20 W in patients with LVSD (r = 0.77 - 0.97, p < 0.05), and no MSHD (r = 0.76 - 0.94, p < 0.05). Metabolic gas exchange variables measured during the 6-MWT showed satisfactory to high day-to-day reproducibility in patients with LVSD (ICC = 0.75 - 0.98), but a higher variability was evident in participants with no MSHD (ICC = 0.62 - 0.97). The Metamax 3B portable ergospirometer is an accurate and reproducible device during submaximal, fixed rate exercise in older patients with LVSD and no MSHD. In elderly patients with LVSD and no MSHD, the 6-MWT should not be considered a maximal test of exercise capacity but rather a test of submaximal exercise performance. Our study demonstrates that the 6-MWT takes place at a higher proportion of peak oxygen uptake in patients with LVSD compared to those with no MSHD, and may be one reason why fatigue is a more prominent symptom in these patients

The influence of incorporating a forecutter on the performance of offshore pipeline ploughs

AbstractInstallation of offshore pipelines in the seabed can be efficiently achieved using pipeline ploughs. Increased efficiency may be achievable through incorporating a smaller forecutter in advance of the main plough share. Currently guidance is limited and conflicting as to the advantages or disadvantages of incorporating a forecutter. To investigate the effect of forecutter inclusion model tests were undertaken at 1/50th scale under laboratory conditions in sand beds prepared at different relative densities in both dry and saturated conditions. Dry sand tests were used to determine the effect of the forecutter on the static or passive components of plough tow force. The currently adopted passive pressure coefficient (Cs) did not appear to vary with relative density to the same degree as previously suggested and the forecutter increased the magnitude of the passive or static resistance to ploughing. Saturated tests were used to determine the effects of the forecutter on the rate dependant component of ploughing resistance and allow verification of a dimensionless form of rate effect representation. The forecutter acts to reduce the rate effect component of plough tow force in both fine sand (low permeability) and to a lesser extent in medium sand (higher permeability). In fine and silty sands, however, incorporating a forecutter would seem highly beneficial at all ploughing depths and soil densities but in medium sand (higher permeability) the benefits of incorporation are limited to an operating window at shallower trench depths and lower relative density

ResearchFanshawe Magazine Issue 4

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