Modern Classical Christian Education: A Return to the Founders’ Education

Graduate Textual or Investigativ

Career Expectancy of Physicians Active in Patient Care: Evidence from Mississippi

Introduction: Physician shortages in the USA, an issue that has been particularly challenging in Mississippi, have been a concern among health scholars and policy makers for several decades. Physician shortages hinder residents from easily obtaining routine care, potentially magnifying health disparities. This study examines physician career life expectancy, or how long physicians typically practice, in Mississippi. Methods: Data on Mississippi’s physician population actively involved between 2007 and 2011 were obtained from the Mississippi State Board of Medical Licensure. Abridged career life tables were constructed for all Mississippi physicians and population subgroups based on practice specialty, gender, race, urban–rural practice, and health professional shortage area status. Results: Upon entry into practice in Mississippi, physicians practiced for about 14.4 years. Rural physicians, primary care physicians, minority physicians, physicians practicing in health professional shortage areas, and men had the longest career expectancies. Physicians who are women or who practice in urban counties were substantially more likely to exit practice compared to all other subgroups examined. The odds of remaining in practice were significantly different based on gender, race, urban–rural practice county, and health professional shortage area status. Conclusions: The first 5 years of practice are the most critical regarding retention for all physicians, regardless of practice specialty, gender, race, urban–rural status, or health professional shortage area status

Chronicles of Oklahoma

Necrology section from Volume 57, Number 3, Fall 1979. It includes a document honoring Harve Milt Phillips, former life member and member of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society

Biheviorizmas ir humanistinė psichologija: dvi žmogaus prigimties sampratos individualistinėje visuomenėje

The article outlines the philosophical antecedents of behaviorism and humanistic psychology, discussing those aspects of each theoretical position that focus on personality and imply a certain view of human nature. If also discusses the philosophical flaws of each aspect and describes the formal applications of each theory in the United States, discussing the impact of the two implied views of human nature of American society, and suggesting that they have both enjoyed such ready acceptance because they are complementary aspects of an underlying individualistic world-view. Finally, it examines some evidence of such views existing or emerging in post-Soviet Lithuania.Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos filosofinės biheviorizmo ir humanistinės psichologijos ištakos, pabrėžiami aspektai, kurie siejasi su žmogaus prigimties supratimu. Taip pat analizuojami teorijų trūkumai bei jų taikymas JAV, šių teorijų poveikis JAV visuomenei. Manoma, kad jos abi susilaukė populiarumo dėl to, kad sutampa su individualistine pasaulėžiūra. Taip pat nagrinėjami ir individualistinės pasaulėžiūros daigus post-sovietinėje Lietuvoje

Examination of the recommended safe and unsafe zone for placement of surgical instruments in thoracentesis and video-assisted thoracic surgery: a cadaveric study

Background: Thoracentesis and video-assisted thoracic surgery procedures can result in haemorrhage as a consequence of severing the collateral branches of the posterior intercostal artery. These branches have been shown to be most common in the 5th intercostal space (ICS). Tortuosity has been shown to be especially prevalent nearer to midline. A group of investigators have recommended the 4th and 7th ICS, 120 mm lateral to midline as a safe zone, least likely to hit branches when cutting into the ICS. The present study aimed to investigate that safe zone as a better entry points for procedures. In addition, investigation of the least safe 5th ICS was also performed. Materials and methods: A total of 56 embalmed human cadavers were selected for the study. With the cadavers laid prone, 2 cm incisions were made at the 4th, 5th and 7th ICS, 120 mm lateral to midline bilaterally. The cadavers were then placed supine and the incisions were dissected. Careful attention was paid to identify if any collateral branches were cut. Results: After thorough dissection of the 4th, 5th and 7th ICS incision sites, it was shown that damage to the 5th intercostal was seen most frequently. Conclusions: Based on this cadaveric study, a 2 cm incision at the 4th, 5th and 7th ICS 120 mm lateral from midline resulted in the most damage at the level of the 5th ICS. The 4th ICS had the least damage seen. Therefore, it is recommended that insertion should be placed at the level of the 4th ICS bilaterally

Quasi-Omnidirectional Broadband Anti-Reflective Surface of Multi-Level Sub-Wavelength Structures

The demand to remove reflections from surfaces has been a topic of interest for many decades. Accordingly, many methods and techniques have been exploited to achieve the optimum design, which is to impart no reflections at any angle of incidence. As of today, many of these optimized designs still succumb to losses from either polarization sensitivity, incident angles of dependence, narrow-banded, absorbance, and optical phenomenons such as diffraction or scattering. Moth-eye anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) of sub-wavelength structures (SWSs) have been investigated to a great extent to achieve anti-reflection characteristics. This technique is more omnidirectional, broadband, and less sensitive to the polarization of light than the older generation of ARCs using quarter-wave thin films. This thesis introduces a new procedure for designing a two-dimensional anti-reflective (AR) surface of SWSs by a method, pertaining to a series of formulas, to predetermine the bandwidth of these filters by determining the dimensions of the structure itself or vice versa, the bandwidth of the spectrum selects the profile of the structure. These formulas automatically produce the optimized AR surface concerning the broadest bandwidth and minimum reflection loss. The distinction between tapered and non-tapered SWSs is also discussed, along with each SWS's purpose, including separate methods of design for either profile. As a result, an AR surface of multi-level SWSs for a bandpass filter is calculated, simulated, fabricated, and measured. These two-dimensional structures in periodic arrays were fabricated by femtosecond laser processing in order to achieve a high aspect ratio and greater mechanical strength. The microstructure has a 175 um pitch and 188 um height giving an aspect ratio of 1.07. The design guideline's calculations agree well with the simulated results for tapered and non-tapered structures. The impact of this work is a simpler and quicker method for developing AR surfaces using subwavelength structures

RTextTools: A Supervised Learning Package for Text Classification

Social scientists have long hand-labeled texts to create datasets useful for studying topics from congressional policymaking to media reporting. Many social scientists have begun to incorporate machine learning into their toolkits. RTextTools was designed to make machine learning accessible by providing a start-to-finish product in less than 10 steps. After installing RTextTools, the initial step is to generate a document term matrix. Second, a container object is created, which holds all the objects needed for further analysis. Third, users can use up to nine algorithms to train their data. Fourth, the data are classified. Fifth, the classification is summarized. Sixth, functions are available for performance evaluation. Seventh, ensemble agreement is conducted. Eighth, users can cross-validate their data. Finally, users write their data to a spreadsheet, allowing for further manual coding if required

Sticky prospects: Loss frames are cognitively stickier than gain frames.

Research across numerous domains has highlighted the current--and presumably temporary--effects of frames on preference and behavior. Yet people often encounter information that has been framed in different ways across contexts, and there are reasons to predict that certain frames, once encountered, might tend to stick in the mind and resist subsequent reframing. We propose that loss frames are stickier than gain frames in their ability to shape people's thinking. Specifically, we suggest that the effect of a loss frame may linger longer than that of a gain frame in the face of reframing and that this asymmetry may arise because it is more difficult to convert a loss-framed concept into a gain-framed concept than vice versa. Supporting this notion, loss-to-gain (vs. gain-to-loss) reframing had a muted impact on both risk preferences (Study 1) and evaluation (Study 2). Moreover, participants took longer to solve a math problem that required reconceptualizing losses as gains than vice versa (Studies 3-5), and reframing changed gain-based conceptualizations but not loss-based ones (Study 6). We discuss implications for understanding a key process underlying negativity bias, as well as how sequential frames might impact political behavior and economic recovery