What\u27s in a Name: Cable Systems, FilmOn, and Judicial Consideration of the Applicability of the Copyright Act\u27s Compulsory License to Online Broadcasters of Cable Content

The way we consume media today is vastly different from the way media was consumed in 1976, when the Copyright Act created the compulsory license for cable systems. The compulsory license allowed cable systems, as defined by the Copyright Act, to pay a set fee for the right to air television programming rather than working out individual deals with each group that owned the copyright in the programming, and helped make television more widely accessible to the viewing public. FilmOn, a company that uses a mini-antenna system to capture and retransmit broadcast network signals, is now seeking access to the compulsory license. In three concurrent legal cases in New York, California, and D.C., FilmOn argues that it meets the statutory requirements to classify as a cable system. This Issue Brief examines the legal history of cable systems and considers the effects of agency influence, policy concerns, and the lack of judicial or congressional resolution regarding FilmOn’s contested legal status

Making Sense of Mina: Stoker\u27s Vampirization of the Victorian Woman in Dracula

This paper examines how Bram Stoker absorbs and adapts the literary depiction of the Victorian woman in Wilkie Collin\u27s novel The Woman in White to create the modern woman of Mina. She herself is like a vampire - an enhanced version of the traditional woman, she appears to be Victorian on the outside and acknowledges the social rules of decorum, but she is so much more. Mina transcends social constraints and makes herself a dangerous force for good, the true opposite to the evil vampire Count Dracula, all the while seeming a traditional woman in the midst of a society that feared and mistrusted the empowered female

The Law and Economics of Habitat Conservation: Lessons from an Analysis of Easement Acquisitions

There is a growing interest in incentive-based policies to motivate conservation by landowners. These policies include full- and partial-interest land purchases, tax-based incentives, and tradable or bankable development rights. Using legal and economic analysis, this paper explores potential pitfalls associated with the use of such policies. Incentive-based policies promise to improve the cost effectiveness of habitat preservation, but only if long-run implementation issues are meaningfully addressed. While the paper compares conservation policies, particular attention is devoted to the use of conservation easements and in particular a set of easement contracts and transactions in the state of Florida. The easement analysis highlights the importance of conservation policies' interactions with property markets, land management practices, and bureaucratic incentives. Specific challenges include difficulties associated with the long-term enforcement and monitoring of land use restrictions, the lack of market prices as indicators of value for appraisal, and the way in which incentives target specific properties for protection.

Evolution of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (ACPP) Expression in Hominoids

Hominoids vary in their mating behavior. Levels of sperm competition vary accordingly. Species in which females mate with a large number of males are expected to experience high levels of sperm competition, such as chimpanzee and bonobo, while polygynous gorillas likely have little or no sperm competition. Coding regions of several seminal proteins have been shown to be experiencing positive selection, but little is known about the regulatory regions of these genes. The 1.7 kb upstream promoter region of prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP) of human, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, and macaque was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector and transiently transected into a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). The in vitro expression levels were measured and were found to vary. These results are discussed in terms of mating behavior, sperm competition, and the influence of regulatory regions on phenotypic adaptations

Becoming oneself, a call to action : drama therapy with female adolescents

This research paper involves a reflection, exploration, and presentation of my dramatherapy work with female adolescents. The work is divided into three parts. Part one details personal beliefs and ideologies that have influenced my approach to drama therapy. These include my ideas about hope, respect, and power dynamics; aspects of social constructionist theory (particularly the notion that all realities are socially constructed); and principles of narrative therapy (namely prioritizing girls' knowledge, sequencing life-stories, and externalizing problems). Part one also examines theories and beliefs about adolescent development. The core developmental tasks of adolescence are discussed in relation to gender. Female identity development is addressed in terms of connection, attachment, and relationship. These concepts are then explored in relation to other aspects of female development relevant during adolescence including intimacy, loss, and authenticity. Part two involves the presentation of six clinical vignettes, which connect issues related to female identity development with drama therapy techniques. Role-play (in various forms) is discussed as an effective means of exploring identity, externalizing aspects of self, and storying experience. Part three integrates theory and practice. Connections between feminist thought, narrative therapy and drama therapy are made, and a body of professional drama therapy work with adolescents is discussed. In addition, my own methods of practicing dramatherapy are outlined

Student perceptions of adverse health events during ambulance clinical placements

This pilot study intended to augment current literature in the clinical placement field by investigating the frequency and nature of adverse health events experiences by paramedic students undertaking ambulance clinical placements. Supports accessed post event were also reviewed. A purposive sample of fifty-six paramedic students completed the questionnaire. The results indicate that a number of students experience adverse health events while on clinical placement, with fourteen cases of verbal abuse, one case of physical abuse, nine cases of sexualised behavior and seven cases of psychological distress reported. While some case related incidents were flagged by ambulance services and followed up by peer support, students did not initiate any formal support processes themselves. Moreover, no student filed a formal report regarding any of the incidents raised. The results of this pilot study require further investigation. In the interim, the benefits of clinical placements must be weighed against their risks, and processes put in place to minimize the risk to students undertaking clinical placements