Histological study on the postnatal alterations in the rat kidney

INTRODUCTION: The aging kidney is characterized by numerous morphological changes in the nephrons and interstitium which are usually associated with failure of renal function. The aim of the present study is to describe and compare histological age-related changes in the kidney in three age groups of rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats aged 2, 4 and 6 months (n=3; per age group) were used in the present study. Alterations in kidney morphology were observed by light microscopic analysis using PAS reaction and Mallory`s trichrome staining.RESULTS: We observed normal histological structure of the kidney in 2-month-old rats. We noted that renal corpuscles were relatively well preserved and proximal and distal tubules were visible as well-defined structures. No pathological changes in blood vessels and interstitial fibrosis were observed. As age advanced (4 and 6 months) we described periglomerular and periarteriolar sclerosis, wrinkling and thickening of glomerular and tubular basement membranes; interstitial fibrosis was generally expressed.CONCLUSION: Renal aging is a multifactorial process characterized by an increased number of sclerotic glomeruli, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis and is associated with declining renal function

Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by anomalous muscle: case report

Accessory muscles within the tarsal tunnel have been reported as a rare cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome. The most common variation provoking this pathologic condition is the flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome due to this muscular variation. The discussion of this case report can prompt foot and ankle surgeons to be more aware of this infrequent finding

Localization of cb1 receptors in rat`s periaqueductal gray after immobilization stress and effects of peptide tyr-w-mif- 1. immunocytochemical study

Periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a midbrain structure closely involved in the stress-induced analgesia. It suppresses nociception by the descending efferent pathways to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Except stimulation of opioid receptors, the PAG is specialized to produce cannabinoid-mediated stress-induced analgesia. Attractive candidates for opiate modulators are neuropeptides from Tyr-MIF-1 family. These peptides also are involved in the development of stress. Based on behavioral and anatomical data about direct interactions of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors and μ-receptors in the PAG we decided to investigate the effects of the Tyr-W-MIF-1 neuropeptide on expression of CB1 immunoreactive neurons in rat`s PAG after immobilization stress. Light microscopic study was used to determine the distribution of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity. The obtained results showed that stress itself increased the expression of CB1 immunoreactive neurons in the PAG compared with intact animals, while Tyr-W-MIF-1 decreased stress-induced CB1 expression mentioned above probably by opioid/cannabinoid interaction. Further studies are needed to understand the exact role of Tyr-W-MIF-1 on CB1 receptors in response to immobilization stress

Immunocytochemical Study Of Cb1 Receptors In Rat ‘s Periaqueductal Gray After Cold Stress And Effects Of Peptides Tyr -W-Mif -1 And Tyr -K-Mif -1

The immunohistochemical localization of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors in periaqueductal gray (PAG) of male rats after acute cold stress and effects of endogenous antiopiate peptides Tyr-W-MIF-1 and Tyr-KMIF-1 on nociception was studied. The nociception was measured by the paw pressure test. As control were used intact rats. Stress activates PAG as an important component of the descending inhibitory pain pathway and stress-induced analgesia. CB1 immunoreactivity appeared as puncta and was found in cell bodies, axons and dendrites. The morphometric analysis revealed that acute cold stress increases the density of CB1-immunoreactive neurons in PAG compared with expression in intact animals. Secund, the results showed that Tyr-K-MIF-1 and Tyr-W-MIF-1 decreased the density of CB1-immunoreactive neurons in PAG of control rats, acute cold stress and after acute cold stress and effects of endogenous antiopiate peptides Tyr-WMIF-1 and Tyr-K-MIF-on nociception

Creatine lysinate – part II: effects on the motor coordination and muscle hypertrophy in mice

In the current study, we investigated the effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and newly synthesized creatine lysinate (CrLys) in tail suspension (TST) and rotarod tests and their influence on the histology of the skeletal muscles. In the TST, a slight decrease in the immobility time from the 1st to the 3rd week was observed in the group treated with CrM at a dose of 1.5 g/kg/day and CrLys at a dose of 6 g/kg/day. The rotarod test revealed that CrM (1.5 g/kg/day) and CrLys (3 g/kg/day) lead to a significant improvement in motor coordination in the 3rd week. The results from histology showed an increase in the muscle fiber diameter of soleus muscle in animals treated with CrM (3 g/kg/day) and CrLys (6 g/kg/day). The results showed that supplementation with creatine derivatives appears to be a generally effective nutritional ergogenic aid for an improvement of physical performance

Creatine lysinate – part I: investigation of the toxicity and the influence on some biochemical parameters in mice

In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of а newly synthesized creatine lysinate as well as its effect on the biochemical parameters in mice. Creatine lysinate exerts better solubility in water (3.3%) in comparison to creatine monohydrate (1.4%) at 20 °C and it is determined as a non-toxic after intraperitoneal (LD50 – 4543 mg/kg) and oral administration (LD50 > 8000 mg/kg). Oral administration of creatine lysinate at doses of 3 g/kg/day and 6 g/kg/day for 2 weeks reduced the creatine kinase levels, which indicates muscle protection. An increased levels of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) was observed after the supplementation with creatine lysinate at both administered doses and the level of lactate was comparable both in the studied and the control group

Immunohistochemistry of synaptic proteins for synaptic exocytosis

The synaptic proteins synaptobrevin/VAMP, SNAP-25, Syntaxin1, NSF and α-SNAP were revealed by means of immunocytochemistry. Materials from the cerebral cortex of adult, newborn and postnatal rats (P6 and P11) were used. Immunostaining for synaptobrevin/VAMP was mainly around the synaptic vesicles, whereas the immunolabeling for SNAP-25 and syntaxin1 was revealed in most cases on the cytoplasmic surface of the presynaptic membrane and to a lesser extend - on synaptic vesicles. Immunostaning for NSF and α-SNAP was found out not only on the axoplasm of axonal endings and varicosities, but also in perikarya and dendrites. In the cerebral cortex of newborn rats, a small number of immunopositive presynaptic parts could be observed. The number of these immunolabeled structures increases evidently with increasing age of rats.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2013; 45(1): 29-34

CB1 receptors in the thalamic reticular nucleus during acute immobilization stress of the rat : an immunohistochemical study

Cannabinoids and opioids interact in a number of ways that could be therapeutically beneficial. The CB1 receptors are implicated with the endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of stress, pain, visceral sensation, synaptic plasticity in the thalamus via GABAergic signaling. Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin sheet of GABAergic neurons surrounding anterolateral surface of the thalamus. In our immunohistochemical study we demonstrated expression of CB1 immunoreactive neurons in a light microscope during a normal condition and after the acute stress in the rats. We found higher expression of CB 1 immunoreactivity in stressed animals compared with control group.Opioids and cannabinoids have been shown to have analgesic properties and they are considered as drug targets for the treatment of numerous neurological disorders, pain and stress

Comparative electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study of stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor of bone is an osseous neoplasm that is histologically benign but clinically shows local aggression and high rate of recurrence. The histogenesis of this lesion remains unclear. The histological appearance does not predict the clinical outcome and there are still many unanswered questions with regard to both its treatment and prognosis. In order to further clarify this lesion, we examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically the tumor mononuclear cells in ten patients operated on in our hospital for matrix metalloproteinase-9. Positive reaction was detected in the spindle-like stromal cells of giant cell tumor of bone and these cells had the ultrastructural characteristics of fibroblastic cells. The other mononuclear cells did not express matrix metalloproteinase-9 and showed ultrastuctural characteristics of macrophage-like cells. The positive reaction for matrix metalloproteinase-9 in all patients clearly shows that this protease may play a key role in the pathophysiology of giant cell tumor of bone

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the brachium in a 14-year-old boy

Fibrous histiocytoma is a benign tumor involving soft tissues that can present as a fibrous mass involving various areas of the human body. Herein, we present a case of benign fibrous histiocytoma in the left brachium in a 14-year-old boy treated with surgical excision