Preprofessional curriculum in preparation for doctor of pharmacy educational programs

The preprofessional pharmacy curriculum provides the foundation for the professional curriculum. Basic requirements are noted in the ACPE Standards and Guidelines, but there is considerable variation in the preprofessional curriculum requirements for entry into doctor of pharmacy programs in the United States. Changes in higher education, pharmacy practice, and health care continue to drive the need to evaluate the preprofessional curriculum. The objectives of this white paper were to create model preprofessional curricula that would enable students to be successful during and after entry into the professional curriculum. Using an evidence-based approach where possible, a number of factors were found to be associated with academic success during a pharmacy program and on licensing examinations. These data and other information were used to create 2 preprofessional curricular models that include the development of general and discipline-specific abilities. Challenges remain in accurately evaluating the abilities and attributes of applicants and the impact of those abilities and attributes on their success as a student and a practitioner. Colleges and schools of pharmacy should consider adopting a more consistent preprofessional curriculum on a national level. This preprofessional curriculum should be multi-dimensional, based on needs for future practice, and revised over time

Laurent Aubert : Mémoire vive. Hommages à Constantin Brăiloiu

Mémoire vive a été publié à l’occasion de l’importante exposition sonore L’Air du temps, conçue sur la base des Archives internationales de musiques populaire qui furent fondées en 1944 au Musée d’ethnographie de Genève par Constantin Brăiloiu. L’exposition, qui commémore le cinquantenaire de sa disparition, propose une réflexion anthropologique sur l’identité et la mémoire à l’ère de la mondialisation. Mémoire vive présente treize articles regroupés en deux parties. La première célèbre l’œuv..

EVALUATION, ASSESSMENT, AND OUTCOMES IN PHARMACY EDUCATION: THE 2007 AACP INSTITUTE Finding and Using Readily Available Sources of Assessment Data

This paper provides the rationale for, examples of, and the collection and general uses of currently available, potentially underutilized academic program assessment data. Academic program assessment is essential for program improvement and accreditation, but commonly used assessment methods may not fully meet these needs. General assessment references, pharmacy education literature, and prior experiences were used to identify and discuss sources of potentially underutilized assessment data. Pre-course assessments, graded assignments, examinations, pharmacy experience evaluations, scoring rubrics, portfolios, progress testing, self-assessments, and classroom assessment techniques are potential sources of assessment data. Course evaluations and grades may also be useful. Selection should be based on need, availability, strength, and concerns. Challenges in data management may be best met through a centralized, integrated database. Careful selection of specific embedded and other assessments can be utilized to complete the development of a comprehensive, meaningful, and efficient program assessment plan

Pharmacists’ opinions of the value of CAPE Outcomes in hiring decisions

Objective. The Hiring Intent Reasoning Examination (HIRE) was designed to explore the utility of the CAPE 2013 outcomes attributes from the perspective of practicing pharmacists, examine how each attribute influences hiring decisions, and identify which of the attributes are perceived as most and least valuable by practicing pharmacists. Methods. An electronic questionnaire was developed and distributed to licensed pharmacists in four states to collect their opinions about 15 CAPE subdomains plus five additional business related attributes. The attributes that respondents identified were: necessary to be a good pharmacist, would impact hiring decisions, most important to them, and in short supply in the applicant pool. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis software to determine the relative importance of each to practicing pharmacists and various subsets of pharmacists. Results. The CAPE subdomains were considered necessary for most jobs by 51% or more of the 3723 respondents (range, 51% to 99%). The necessity for business-related attributes ranged from 21% to 92%. The percentage who would not hire an applicant who did not possess the attribute ranged from 2% to 71.5%; the percentage who considered the attribute most valuable ranged from 0.3% to 35%; and the percentage who felt the attribute was in short supply ranged from 5% to 36%. Opinions varied depending upon gender, practice setting and whether the pharmacist was an employee or employer. Conclusion. The results of this study can be used by faculty and administrators to inform curricular design and emphasis on CAPE domains and business-related education in pharmacy programs

Les avatars de l’inquisiteur ou la fonction de juge ecclésiastique à la fin du Moyen Âge

En matière de foi, les juges ne sont pas toujours ce que l’on croit et l’habit ne fait pas forcément l’inquisiteur. Un juge peut même en cacher un autre. Quand on parle d’inquisitio, ou inquisition, c’est d’abord pour évoquer une procédure d’enquête et d’enregistrement de témoignages . Dès la fin du xiie siècle, elle s’est imposée dans la justice ecclésiastique ; elle fut en premier lieu le fait des évêques, juges ordinaires, puis, à partir de 1231, de délégués extraordinaires de la papauté q..

Training Students on the Pharmacist Patient Care Process using an Electronic Health Record and Simulations

Objective: To measure the impact of an electronic health record (EHR) and simulated physician encounters on student knowledge and skills related to the implementation phase of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP). Secondary objectives were to measure students’ self-perceived abilities. Methods: Students enrolled in a therapeutics course worked-up patient cases within an EHR. Students entered orders/ prescriptions into the computerised provider order entry (CPOE) platform. Faculty graded student work using a rubric. Students completed an instructor-developed pre-post attitudes survey and knowledge quiz. Results: Two hundred students participated in this study and worked-up seven cases. Scores ranged from 67.7% to 88.2% on the case work-ups and 78.6% to 91.1% on the order/prescription-entry components. Individual scores on the quiz improved from 15.3/20 to 17.3/20 (p\u3c0.001). Aggregate ratings on the attitudes survey increased from 23.2 to 31.0 (p\u3c0.001). Conclusion: Use of an EHR coupled with simulation was well-received and improved student understanding of the PPCP

Impact of tofacitinib on patient outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: review of clinical studies

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease associated with inflammation and destruction of joints and systemic effects, which result in significant impact on patient\u27s quality of life and function. Tofacitinib was approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the USA in 2012 and subsequently in other countries, but not by the European Medicines Agency. The goal of this review was to evaluate the impact of tofacitinib on patient-reported and patient-specific outcomes from prior clinical studies, focusing on quality of life, functionality, pain, global disease assessment, major adverse consequences, and withdrawals. A total of 13 reports representing 11 clinical studies on tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis were identified through PubMed and reference lists in meta-analyses and other reviews. Data on improvements in patient-driven composite tools to measure disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, such as the Health Assessment Questionnaire, served as a major outcome evaluated in this review and were extracted from each study. Additional data extracted from those clinical studies included patient assessment of pain (using a 0–100 mm visual analog scale), patient global assessment of disease (using a 0–100 mm visual analog scale), patient withdrawals, withdrawals due to adverse effects or lack of effect, and risk of serious adverse effects, serious infections, and deaths. Tofacitinib 5 mg bid appears to have a favorable impact on patient outcomes related to efficacy and safety when compared with baseline values and with comparator disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and placebo. Improvements were seen in the composite and individual measures of disease activity. Serious adverse effects, other adverse consequences, overall withdrawals, and withdrawals due to adverse effects and lack of efficacy are similar or more favorable for tofacitinib versus comparator disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and placebo. At this point, tofacitinib appears to have an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through improvement in these patient outcomes. However, it may require years of additional clinical studies and postmarketing surveillance to fully characterize the benefit-to-risk ratio of tofacitinib in a larger and diverse patient population