Force or Fraud: British Seduction Stories and the Problem of Resistance, 1660-1760, by Toni Bowers. (Review)

A review of the book Force or Fraud: British Seduction Stories and the Problem of Resistance, 1660-1760, by Toni Bowers is presented

A genome triplication associated with early diversification of the core eudicots

Background: Although it is agreed that a major polyploidy event, gamma, occurred within the eudicots, the phylogenetic placement of the event remains unclear. Results: To determine when this polyploidization occurred relative to speciation events in angiosperm history, we employed a phylogenomic approach to investigate the timing of gene set duplications located on syntenic gamma blocks. We populated 769 putative gene families with large sets of homologs obtained from public transcriptomes of basal angiosperms, magnoliids, asterids, and more than 91.8 gigabases of new next-generation transcriptome sequences of non-grass monocots and basal eudicots. The overwhelming majority (95%) of well-resolved gamma duplications was placed before the separation of rosids and asterids and after the split of monocots and eudicots, providing strong evidence that the gamma polyploidy event occurred early in eudicot evolution. Further, the majority of gene duplications was placed after the divergence of the Ranunculales and core eudicots, indicating that the gamma appears to be restricted to core eudicots. Molecular dating estimates indicate that the duplication events were intensely concentrated around 117 million years ago. Conclusions: The rapid radiation of core eudicot lineages that gave rise to nearly 75% of angiosperm species appears to have occurred coincidentally or shortly following the gamma triplication event. Reconciliation of gene trees with a species phylogeny can elucidate the timing of major events in genome evolution, even when genome sequences are only available for a subset of species represented in the gene trees. Comprehensive transcriptome datasets are valuable complements to genome sequences for high-resolution phylogenomic analysis

Maternal and perinatal outcomes in alternative birthing methods

States continually swing like a pendulum, changing their momentum from home birth, to institutionalized births. Prior to the twentieth century, most births occurred in the home setting and were viewed as a normal process. Today, home births only account for 1 % of the births in North America (Wong & Perry, 1998). With the increased dependency on medical professionals in this century, childbirth has become a medical process rather than a natural event. As healthcare consumers strive for greater control of their care, many women are choosing to give birth at home or in birthing centers, in environments in which they have control. The greatest concern that women face is the safety of their choice for both themselves and their unborn child. The purpose of this study was to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes of selected birthing methods. The methodology utilized was a literature review and synthesis, which includes publications from nursing, medical and related fields from 1990-2002. Birthing methods are defined, compared and contrasted based on outcome measures, and the safety and efficacy of each examined. This information will be used as a basis for recommendations for current practice, nursing education, and further research

Force or Fraud: British Seduction Stories and the Problem of Resistance, 1660-1760, by Toni Bowers. (Review)

A review of the book Force or Fraud: British Seduction Stories and the Problem of Resistance, 1660-1760, by Toni Bowers is presented

Socioeconomic Inequalities Increase the Probability of Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes: A 2014\u20132016 Nationwide Study of 2,679 Italian Children

This study aims to compare the frequency of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis in 2014\u20132016 with the one previously reported in 2004\u20132013; and to assess the association between family socioeconomic status and DKA at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis in children <15 years of age from 2014 to 2016. Methods: This nationwide, population-based, observational study included 2,679 children diagnosed with T1D from 54 Italian centers for pediatric diabetes during 2014\u20132016. The ISPAD criteria for DKA were used as a standard reference. The overall and by age frequency of DKA between the two time periods were compared. The association between family socioeconomic status and DKA was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Nine hundred and eighty nine children had DKA (36.9, 95% CI: 35.1\u201338.8). The frequency of DKA was significantly lower in 2014\u20132016 in comparison to 2004\u20132013 (40.3, 95% CI: 39.3\u201341.4, p = 0.002). The probability of having DKA at diagnosis was lower in mothers with a high level of education (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51\u20130.93) or a high level of occupation (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58 0.99), and in fathers with a high level of occupation (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55\u20130.94). Children living in Southern Italy had a higher probability of diagnosis with severe DKA than children living in Central Italy. Conclusion: There was a decrease in the frequency of DKA in children diagnosed with T1D under 15 years of age during 2014\u20132016. However, DKA frequency remains unacceptably high. This study demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities, measured as low education and occupational levels, were associated with an increased probability of DKA at T1D diagnosis

Enhancing paediatric palliative care : A rapid review to inform continued development of care for children with life-limiting conditions

Aim: Following the establishment of paediatric palliative care services over recent decades, this study sought to identify information to inform future policy and practice. Methods: A rapid review using thematic synthesis was conducted to synthesise existing information about improving paediatric palliative care. Information was extracted in relation to key areas for investment and change: quality, access, advance care planning, skills, research, collaboration and community awareness. Results: A total of 2228 literature sources were screened, with 369 included. Synthesised information identified clear ways to improve quality of care, access to care, advance care planning, and research and data collection. The synthesis identified knowledge gaps in understanding how to improve skills in paediatric palliative care, collaboration across Australian jurisdictions and community awareness. Conclusions: The findings of this review bring together information from a vast range of sources to provide action-oriented information to target investment and change in paediatric palliative care over the coming decades.</p