Now everyone can fly”? Scheduled airline services to secondary cities in Southeast Asia.

Since the late 1990s, almost no world region has experienced faster air traffic growth than Southeast Asia. Much of that growth is attributable to new low-cost carriers (LCCs), which collectively accounted for nearly half of scheduled airline capacity on routes from Southeast Asian cities in 2013. Yet despite the expansion of traffic and the proliferation of carriers, airline traffic remains strongly concentrated in the key hubs of Bangkok, Singapore, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Ho Chi Minh City, and Manila. Similarly, trunk routes, defined as sectors with more than 0.01 percent of global airline capacity, continue to account for 54 percent of all seat capacity in the region. LCCs have helped to perpetuate these imbalances as budget airlines like AirAsia have disproportionately favored already well-served markets. Such patterns are important because aviation plays an outsized role in Southeast Asian intercity transportation and in its economic development. The analyses reported here indicate that while the growth of aviation since the late 1990s has been impressive, that growth so far has not done much to improve Southeast Asia\u27s entrenched patterns of spatial inequality

Engaging the Customer: The Impacts of Online Travel Community Engagement on Brand Identification and Behavioral Intentions

Online consumption communities provide opportunities for social engagements targeting conversations about products and services in which individuals’ actions within the community have the potential to influence consumer behavior. According to extant research, these groups effect decision making processes, however they remain an enigma and require further investigation. Understanding the impact of online communities on the hospitality and tourism industry is a crucial area that is still not fully understood. As travel and tourism destinations are highly complex and require travelers to plan thoroughly in order to best enjoy their travels and hopefully minimize travel risks, consumers are turning to alternative sources of information due to availability and preference for online mediums. Using the DIS online community, this study evaluates the impacts of consumer engagement on brand identification and behavioral intentions both towards continued involvement with the community and intentions towards the brand or destination. This research is integral for future understandings of consumer behavior in online communities and the impact of these communities on decision making practices

Letters

Sabersky, Corcoran, and DuBridge articl

Shallow-water Strontium-90 anomaly about the Antilles Arc----1970

Vertical profiles about the southeastern approaches to the Caribbean in early 1970 have shown a consistent Sr-90 inversion, with the maximum concentrations at depths of about room. It appears that four water masses may be involved, in this area, in a very complicated mixing and overlayering phenomenon

The intersection between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Vema Fracture zone in the North Atlantic

Near 11°N, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by the Verna Fracture. The hypothesis of sea-floor spreading has suggested that the fracture is a transform fault, and this has been confirmed by the first motion studies of recent earthquakes along the fracture. The fault zone is developed as a deep and narrow east-west trending through, bordered on the south side by a high and steep rocky wall representing an uplifted slice of crust...

Piezoelectric anisotropy and energy-harvesting characteristics of novel sandwich layer BaTiO₃ structures

This paper presents a detailed modelling and experimental study of the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of novel ferroelectric sandwich layer BaTiO3 structures that consist of an inner porous layer and dense outer layers. The dependencies of the piezoelectric coefficients and dielectric permittivity of the sandwich structure on the bulk relative density α are analysed by taking into account an inner layer with a porosity volume fraction of 0.5-0.6. The observed changes in and are interpreted within the framework of a model of a laminar structure whereby the electromechanical interaction of the inner porous layer and outer dense layers have an important role in determining the effective properties of the system. The porous layer is represented as a piezocomposite with a 1-3-0 connectivity pattern, and the composite is considered as a system of long poled ceramic rods with 1-3 connectivity which are surrounded by an unpoled ceramic matrix that contains a system of oblate air pores (3-0 connectivity). The outer monolithic is considered as a dense poled ceramic, however its electromechanical properties differ from those of the ceramic rods in the porous layer due to different levels of mobility of 90° domain walls in ceramic grains. A large anisotropy of d3j ∗ at α = 0.64-0.86 is achieved due to the difference in the properties of the porous and monolithic layers and the presence of highly oblate air pores. As a consequence, high energy-harvesting figures of merit d3j ∗ g3j ∗ are achieved that obey the condition d33 ∗ g33 ∗/( d31 ∗ g31∗) ∼ 102 at d33∗ g33∗ ∼ 10-12 Pa-1 and values of the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients dhz.ast; ≈ 100 pC N and ghz.ast; ≈ 20 m V m N are achieved at α= 0.64-0.70. The studied BaTiO3-based sandwich structures has advantages over highly anisotropic PbTiO3-type ceramics as a result of the higher piezoelectric activity of ceramic BaTiO3 and can be used in piezoelectric sensor, energy-harvesting and related applications.</p

Coherent structure impacts on blowoff using various syngases

Swirl stabilized combustion is one of the most successful technologies for flame and nitrogen oxides control in gas turbines. However, complex fluid dynamics and lean conditions pose a problem for stabilization of the flame. The problem is even more acute when alternative fuels are used for flexible operation. Although there is active research on the topic, there are still various gaps in the understanding of how interaction of large coherent structures during the process affect flame stabilization and related phenomena. Thus, this paper approaches the phenomenon of lean premixed swirl combustion of CH4/H2/CO blends to understand the impacts of these fuels on flame blowoff. An atmospheric pressure generic swirl burner was operated at ambient inlet conditions. Different exhaust nozzles were used to alter the Central Recirculation Zone and observe the impacts caused by various fuel blends on the structure and the blowoff phenomenon. Methane content in the fuel was decreased from 50% to 10% (by volume) with the remaining amount split equally between carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Experimental trials were performed using Phase Locked PIV. The Central Recirculation Zone and its velocity profiles were measured and correlated providing details of the structure close to blowoff. The results show how the strength and size of the recirculation zone are highly influenced by the fuel blend, changing stability based on the carbon-hydrogen ratios. Nozzle effects on the shear flow and Re numbers were also observed. Modelling was carried out using the k-ω SST CFD model which provided more information about the impact of the CRZ and the flame nature close to blowoff limit. It was observed that the model under-predicts coherent structure interactions at high methane fuel content, with an over-prediction of pressure decay at low methane content when correlated to the experimental results. Thus, complex interactions between structures need to be included for adequate power prediction when using very fast/slow syngas blends under lean conditions

SNS programming environment user's guide

The computing environment is briefly described for the Supercomputing Network Subsystem (SNS) of the Central Scientific Computing Complex of NASA Langley. The major SNS computers are a CRAY-2, a CRAY Y-MP, a CONVEX C-210, and a CONVEX C-220. The software is described that is common to all of these computers, including: the UNIX operating system, computer graphics, networking utilities, mass storage, and mathematical libraries. Also described is file management, validation, SNS configuration, documentation, and customer services

Graphics mini manual

The computer graphics capabilities available at the Center are introduced and their use is explained. More specifically, the manual identifies and describes the various graphics software and hardware components, details the interfaces between these components, and provides information concerning the use of these components at LaRC

Hybrid Synthetic Receptors on MOSFET Devices for Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen in Human Plasma

The study reports the use of extended gate field-effect transistors (FET) for the label-free and sensitive detection of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers in human plasma. The approach integrates for the first time hybrid synthetic receptors comprising of highly selective aptamer-lined pockets (apta-MIP) with FETs for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at clinically relevant concentrations. The hybrid synthetic receptors were constructed by immobilizing an aptamer–PSA complex on gold and subjecting it to 13 cycles of dopamine electropolymerization. The polymerization resulted in the creation of highly selective polymeric cavities that retained the ability to recognize PSA post removal of the protein. The hybrid synthetic receptors were subsequently used in an extended gate FET setup for electrochemical detection of PSA. The sensor was reported to have a limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL with a linear detection range from 0.1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL PSA. Detection of 1–10 pg/mL PSA was also achieved in diluted human plasma. The present apta-MIP sensor developed in conjunction with FET devices demonstrates the potential for clinical application of synthetic hybrid receptors for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in complex samples