Beam tests of the trigger and digital processing electronics for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment

A prototype of the trigger and digital processing electronics for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment, coupled to a prototype of the PbWO4 crystal calorimeter, was tested during summer 96 in the H4 beamline at the CERN SPS. A very successful operation was achieved for this system, which runs in synchronous and pipelined mode at the LHC clock frequency, and performs the basic trigger and data acquisition functions needed in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. The performance of the trigger front-end electronics is well within the established requirements: a highly efficient bunch crossing identification ( > 99.9%), a good trigger energy resolution ( s/E ~9%/sq( E)+2%) and a highly efficient electron cluster shape identification ( ~99%) have been achieved. The FERMI digitizing system based on a dynamic analog compressor and a sampling ADC showed a very good perform ance, in particular the energy resolution for 150 GeV electrons was 0.54%, equal to the resolution obtained with a conventional charge integration ADC system

The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Data Acquisition System at the 2006 Test Beam

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC is an homogeneous calorimeter made of about 80000 Lead Tungstate crystals. From June to November 2006, eleven barrel Supermodules (1700 crystals each) were exposed to beam at CERN SPS, both in stand-alone and in association with portions of the Hadron Calorimeter. We present the description of the system used to configure and readout the calorimeter during this period. The full set of final readout electronics boards was employed, together with the pre-series version of the data acquisition software. During this testbeam, the hardware and software concepts for the final system were validated and the successfull operation of all the ten supermodules was ensured

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

Synthèse d'inhibiteurs de protéines kinases (approches pharmacochimiques )

Les protéines kinases représentent une des plus grandes familles de protéines-cibles pour le développement de futurs médicaments. Ce sont des enzymes comptant plus de 500 membres dans le génome humain. Ces protéines kinases (PK) sont impliquées dans la plupart des voies de transduction du signal régulant le fonctionnement cellulaire sous tous ses aspects. La plupart des cancers sont associés au dérèglement de protéines kinases, tels que des mutations génétiques qui conduisent à une sur-expression ou à une activation constitutive de ces protéines. Elles sont également impliquées dans de nombreuses autres pathologies, d'où l'intérêt d'obtenir des inhibiteurs sélectifs et puissants capables de moduler l'action de ces kinases dans un but thérapeutique ou dans un but plus fondamental (outil pharmacologique). Dans un premier temps, notre travail s'est basé sur la synthèse et l'identification d'inhibiteurs de l'enzyme bifonctionnelle HPr Kinase/Phosphatase de B. subtilis. La recherche d'inhibiteurs de cette kinase pourrait constituer une nouvelle approche pour un traitement anti-bactérien original. Au départ d'un composé chef de file bis-cationique dérivé de benzimidazole issu d'un criblage systématique de chimiothèques, une phase d'optimisation structurale a été réalisée. L'étude des relations structure-activité de ce composé, a permis de déterminer les requis structuraux nécessaires à l'obtention d'un inhibiteur de l'HPrK/P.Dans un deuxième temps notre attention s'est portée sur une autre kinase, la CaMKII pour laquelle une touche a été mise en évidence par le criblage systématique de la chimiothèque patrimoine. Un dérivé d'aminopyridazine a été identifié comme chef de file. Dans un objectif d'optimisation structurale de ce composé, une méthode de synthèse pallado-catalysée a été mise au point afin d'introduire de la diversité en position 4 de cet hétérocycle.Enfin nous nous sommes également intéressés à l'étude et au développement de séries d'hétérocycles fluorescents (imidazolones, oxazolones, buténolides et pyrrolinones) proches du chromophore de la "Green Fluorescent Protein" (GFP). Une étude des relations entre la structure des différents dérivés et la variation de leurs propriétés fluorescentes, a permis d'obtenir des composés fluorescents prometteurs. Par ailleurs, une nouvelle voie de synthèse par couplage au palladium a été mise au point. Elle permet d'introduire rapidement de la diversité structurale en position 2 des imidazolonesProtein kinases represent one of the largest protein superfamilies which are attractive targets in the search for new therapeutic agents. The human genome encodes for more than 500 members. Protein kinases are the central switches controlling intracellular communication, regulation, and signal transduction. Most cancers are associated with disregulation of protein kinases, usually through genetic mutation that lead either to overexpression, or to constitutive activity. Pathologies and therapies also of other serious diseases are increasingly recognized to involve protein kinases. As a consequence, inhibitors of this family of enzymes may serve as potential therapeutics and as pharmacological tools. On one hand, our work was based on the synthesis and identification of HPrK/P inhibitors. Since deficiency of HPrK/P in B. subtilis mutants leads to severe growth deficits, inhibitors of the enzyme may constitute a new family of antibiotic drugs. Starting from a specific bis-cationic hit deriving from 3-benzyl-2-aminobenzimidazole, a structure-activity relationship analysis clearly identified specific features needed to HPrK/P inhibition.On the other hand, we focused our efforts on the optimization of a CaMKII inhibitor derived from screening. Thus, we have performed an efficient method using palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions for the preparation of 3-aminopyridazines substituted at position 4.Finally, we synthesized and investigated new interesting structural analogues of the Green Fluorescent Protein chromophore (imidazolones, oxazolones, butenolides and pyrrolinones). A study of relationships between compound structure and variation of their fluorescence properties yielded promising fluorescent compounds. Moreover, a new methodology for the synthesis of 2-arylimidazolin-5-ones based on palladium cross-coupling reactions was developed.STRASBOURG ILLKIRCH-Pharmacie (672182101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Compensation for the settling time and slew rate limitations of the CMS-ECAL Floating Point Preamplifier

The Floating Point Preamplifier of the Very Front End Electronics for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter has been investigated on a 5x6 crystal prototype matrix. Discontinuities at the signal peak were observed in the pulse shape reconstruction from the 40MHz sampled and digitized data. The propositions linked to those observations are described, together with a focalized overview of the detector readout chain. A settling time problem is identified and it is shown that a 5ns delay applied to the ADC clock provides a secure solution. Finally, the implementation in the FPPA design of this delay is presented

Results from Tests of a Preshower Prototype During 1996

During 1996 a first version of the front-end electronics for the CMS preshower was tested in the laboratory. The 40MHz electronics contained a 32 channel, 128 time-slot analogue memory. Satisfactory results obtained from laboratory tests led to its use in tests using high energy beams incident on a silicon detector placed downstream of a thickness of lead absorber, representative of the CMS preshower. Adequate noise performance was achieved ( leading to the measurement of single mip signals) after individual pedestals for each time-slot were subtracted; this will not be necessary in the future. The spatial precision obtained from the prototype is in good agreement with simulation. The contribution to the ECAL energy resolution is found to be negligible for incident electron energies greater than about 100 GeV ( corresponding to about 40 GeV Et at eta=1.7) after a "correction function" has been applied to the energy measured in the lead tungstate ( PbWO4) crystals. This correction function uses the signals measured in the silicon plane, and is virtually independent of the incident particle energy. The angular resolution of the ECAL system is also presented

The ECAL precalibration in H4: User requirements document Version 1.0

This document provides elements to perform the precalibration of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter SuperModules in H4 beam line, and analyses the work to be done to build all the necessary tools to achieve this precalibration

VIGIE-MED : Impact des changements climatiques à l'échelle régionale et adaptation par la distribution spatiale des ressources hydriques et des systemes de production végétal.

Vigie-MED vise à évaluer des stratégies d’adaptation aux changements climatiques par la localisation des systèmes de production et l’allocation des ressources hydriques au niveau d’un territoire de dimension régionale. Des outils sont développés pour scénariser les changements (simulateur spatiotemporel de climat, modèle de changement d’usage des sols en fonction des contextes socio-économiques et des stratégies d’adaptation aux changements globaux). L’évaluation des options d’adaptation s’appuie sur des indicateurs pour caractériser les capacités de production végétale, les ressources hydriques et les risques tels que les incendies de forêt.Vigie-MED aims to evaluate adaptation strategies to climate change by the location of vegetation production systems and the allocation of water resources at regional land level. The project aims to develop tools to represent changes by developing a spatiotemporal climate simulator and land use change model parameterized by socio-economic contexts and strategy of adaptation to global change. Adaptation option assessment is based on indicators characterizing the capabilities of crop production, water resources and hazards such as forest fires