DESIGN AND FINDINGS OF A WORKSHOP REGARDING SECURITY PROCEDURES AND DEMAND FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT AT A GROUND CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION

Unquestionably, security awareness is an important topic in air traffic control. The ground controller support system TraMICS includes already a security component and displays an indication regarding the current security situation to the controller. This paper reports about a workshop performed with eight controllers. It describes the methodology and the results of the workshop aimed to find out, how the security situations indicator, its concept, calculation and notification could be improved. Moreover, since security situations interrupt planned workflow, the paper investigates understanding and operational interpretation of the term disturbance in the air traffic ground controller domain and specifies its definitio

VALIDATION OF THE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT INTRUSION AND COMPLIANCE SYSTEM AS SECURITY-AWARENESS-COMPONENT AT THE CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION

The work of an air traffic ground controller can be affected by various security events. The Traffic Management Intrusion and Compliance System uses possible individual indicators to calculate a Security Situation Indicator that provides an assessment of the current security situation to the controller at their working position. To validate the benefit of the tool, real time simulations were conducted at the Air Traffic Validation Center of DLR. This paper describes the methods, the execution and the results of human-in-the-loop experiments performed with ground and apron controller

Suitability of Physiological, Self-report and Behavioral Measures for Assessing Mental Workload in Pilots

Adaptive automation shall support users in a flexible way. One way to achieve this could be by monitoring cognitive states of pilots in order to anticipate an individual’s need for support. A special challenge lies in choosing methods that enable a valid measurement of the cognitive state in question since different measures are associated with distinct strengths and weaknesses. For example, practical considerations like environmental factors, wearing comfort and intrusiveness have to be considered. The objective of this paper is to provide a collection of physiological, self-report and behavioral measures that can be applied to assess mental workload in pilots, and to discuss their advantages and disadvantages for this purpose. A targeted literature search was conducted to this end. The comparisons drawn in this paper reveal that a multi-method approach is preferable to relying on a single measure. In this regard, however, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and it is strongly advised to consider the selection of appropriate measures carefully for each specific research question and application context

A Concept-Based Validation Approach to Validate Security Systems for Protection of Interconnected Critical Infrastructures

When it comes to securing critical infrastructures, it is evident to not only provide a toolbox which allows to detect when vulnerabilities are exploited but also to support the operations in performing mitigation procedures. This paper explains how a validation was conducted in the Horizon 2020 project PRAETORIAN to evaluate the operational feasibility of a system which observes and manages security within interconnected critical infrastructures. To this end, a concept-based approach involving presentation of scenarios with the help of narrations and visual elements, hands-on experience as well as discussions and questionnaires was used. Some results are discussed to demonstrate the applicability of this approach

Messung und Steigerung der Leistung des Piloten in Kampfflugzeugen – Die m³i-wasp-Studie

Die gemeinsame Forschungsaktivität m³i-wasp des ZentrLuRMedLw und des DLR steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Berichts. In der m³i-wasp Studie wird eine miniaturisierte, plattformunabhängige, mobile und transdisziplinäre Messsystematik mit hoher zeitlicher Auflösung zur Messung physiologischer und physikalischer Daten entwickelt. Ziel ist hierbei, eine Beanspruchungsmatrix und ein Methodeninventar in die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle zu integrieren und dieses unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen sowohl in der Flugsimulation wie als auch im realen Betrieb zu testen und zu validieren. Die Motivation für m³i-wasp basiert auf dem aktuellen Stand, dass moderne Luftfahrzeuge zunehmend hochkomplexe Anforderungen an Mensch und Maschine stellen. Neben den erhöhten physiologischen und psychologischen Beanspruchungen für den Piloten ist daher die Entwicklung einer geeigneten Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle gefordert, die idealerweise genau dann assistiert, wenn der Pilot die Unterstützung des Systems am nötigsten braucht. Trotz der Rasanz der technischen Entwicklungen steht bis heute allerdings kein Verfahren zur Verfügung, das während des Fluges technische, physiologische und psychologische Belastungen und Beanspruchungen auffasst, analysiert und dem Gesamtsystem zur Verfügung stellen könnte. Hier setzt m³i-wasp an, indem es ein System entwickelt, das komplexe Phänomene erfasst, auswertet und ggf. auch Kompensationen durch geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen anbietet

MITIGATION OF OPERATIONAL IMPACTS ON AIRPORTS BY EARLY AWARENESS OF MALICIOUS EVENTS IMPACTING LINKED CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES

This paper introduces to security management that is conducted at infrastructure installations and their corresponding technical assets. Malicious activities at those infrastructures lead to a loss of service provision or can even introduce cascading effects towards other connected infrastructures. If an infrastructure satisfies a significant societal need, it is considered a critical infrastructure. The cascading effects can cause secondary effects at the connected infrastructures, such as airports. Airport operations are central to long-distance societal mobility and even small disruptions have knock-on effects throughout the air transport network. The cascading effects that can affect the airport and that originate at linked infrastructures are not well known and used for airport management purposes. In what operational way can an Airport Operations Center make use of early awareness of attacks on linked critical infrastructures? By looking at the existing state of the art and ongoing projects in infrastructure security management research and airport management a gap identification is conducted. The identified weaknesses and limitations are partially addressed by the current research projects. However, the necessary airport-centric security management view is not pursued to answer the research question. As a consequence, this paper proposes ideas for necessary airport-centric infrastructure security research