8 research outputs found
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Fabrication of intense neutron sources for medical applications
Simulated sources containing Cf equivalents of 0.1 to 1.0 milligrams were prepared. Samarium was used as the simulant in a modified chemical plating technique similar to that used to prepare palladium-californium oxide cermet for industrial applications. The length of the platinum-10 percent iridium doubly encapsulated source with its protective sheath is 0.545 in. (14.1 mm). Outside dia of the source, including its sheath, is 0.109 in. (2.8 mm). Existing ''Brachytrons'' can accommodate this source form. This capsule system will withstand internal gas pressures from helium due to alpha decay and fission gases from a 1 mg Cf source after ten years if the source is subjected to a maximum temperature of 800C, the theoretical temperature of an accidental fire. Under these conditions the safety factor is 3. The capsule system is being tested with tracer amounts of Cf to ensure that it will withstand adverse service conditions as well as tests specified for Special Form Materials. (auth
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Well Logging with Californium-252
Californium-252 is an intense neutron emitter that has only recently become available for experimental well logging. The purpose of this research is to investigate the application of well logging to groundwater hydrology; however, most of the techniques and purposes are quite similar to applications in the petroleum industry
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Californium-252 Neutron Sources for Medical Applications
Californium-252 neutron sources are being prepared to investigate the value of this radionuclide in diagnosing and treating diseases. A source resembling a cell-loaded radium needle was developed for neutron therapy. Since therapy needles are normally implanted in the body, very conservative design criteria were established to prevent leakage of radioactive. Methods are being developed to prepare very intense californium sources that could be used eventually for neutron radiography and for diagnosis by neutron activation analysis. This paper discusses these methods
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Californium-252 encapsulation at the Savannah River Laboratory
More than 1 g of the neutron-emitting isotope californium-252 has been encapsulated at SRL for worldwide medical, industrial, and research uses. Bulk sales packages have been prepared for the USDOE sales program since 1971. Doubly-encapsulated sources have been prepared for USDOE's market evaluation program since 1968. Californium-252 sources for loan and sales packages satisfy the criteria for Special Form Radioactive Material. Encapsulation is performed in special neutron-shielded containment facilities at SRL. Development of improved source and shipping package designs and processes is continuing. 17 figures
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PREPARATION OF INDUSTRIAL Cf NEUTRON SOURCES AT SAVANNAH RIVER LABORATORY.
Two genomes of highly polyphagous lepidopteran pests (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, Noctuidae) with different host-plant ranges
Emergence of polyphagous herbivorous insects entails significant adaptation to recognize, detoxify and digest a variety of host-plants. Despite of its biological and practical importance - since insects eat 20% of crops - no exhaustive analysis of gene repertoires required for adaptations in generalist insect herbivores has previously been performed. The noctuid moth Spodoptera frugiperda ranks as one of the world’s worst agricultural pests. This insect is polyphagous while the majority of other lepidopteran herbivores are specialist. It consists of two morphologically indistinguishable strains (“C” and “R”) that have different host plant ranges. To describe the evolutionary mechanisms that both enable the emergence of polyphagous herbivory and lead to the shift in the host preference, we analyzed whole genome sequences from laboratory and natural populations of both strains. We observed huge expansions of genes associated with chemosensation and detoxification compared with specialist Lepidoptera. These expansions are largely due to tandem duplication, a possible adaptation mechanism enabling polyphagy. Individuals from natural C and R populations show significant genomic differentiation. We found signatures of positive selection in genes involved in chemoreception, detoxification and digestion, and copy number variation in the two latter gene families, suggesting an adaptive role for structural variation