32 research outputs found
Combined Human, Antenna Orientation in Elevation Direction and Ground Effect on RSSI in Wireless Sensor Networks
In this paper, we experimentally investigate the combined effect of human,
antenna orientation in elevation direction and the ground effect on the
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter in the Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN). In experiment, we use MICAz motes and consider different
scenarios where antenna of the transmitter node is tilted in elevation
direction. The motes were placed on the ground to take into account the ground
effect on the RSSI. The effect of one, two and four persons on the RSSI is
recorded. For one and two persons, different walking paces e.g. slow, medium
and fast pace, are analysed. However, in case of four persons, random movement
is carried out between the pair of motes. The experimental results show that
some antenna orientation angles have drastic effect on the RSSI, even without
any human activity. The fluctuation count and range of RSSI in different
scenarios with same walking pace are completely different. Therefore, an
efficient human activity algorithm is need that effectively takes into count
the antenna elevation and other parameters to accurately detect the human
activity in the WSN deployment region.Comment: 10th IEEE International Conference on Frontiers of Information
Technology (FIT 12), 201
Analysis and Modeling Experiment Performance Parameters of Routing Protocols in MANETs and VANETs
In this paper, a framework for experimental parameters in which Packet
Delivery Ratio (PDR), effect of link duration over End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and
Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO) in terms of control packets is analyzed and
modeled for Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks
(VANETs) with the assumption that nodes (vehicles) are sparsely moving in two
different road. Moreover, this paper contributes the performance comparison of
one Proactive Routing Protocol; Destination Sequenced Distance vector (DSDV)
and two reactive protocols; DYnamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYnamic MANET
On-Demand (DYMO). A novel contribution of this work is enhancements in default
versions of selected routing protocols. Three performance parameters; PDR, E2ED
and NRO with varying scalabilities are measured to analyze the performance of
selected routing protocols with their original and enhanced versions. From
extensive simulations, it is observed that DSR outperforms among all three
protocols at the cost of delay. NS-2 simulator is used for simulation with
TwoRayGround propagation model to evaluate analytical results
Modeling Enhancements in DSR, FSR, OLSR under Mobility and Scalability Constraints in VANETs
Frequent topological changes due to high mobility is one of the main issues
in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs). In this paper, we model transmission
probabilities of 802.11p for VANETs and effect of these probabilities on
average transmission time. To evaluate the effect of these probabilities of
VANETs in routing protocols, we select Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Fish-eye
State Routing (FSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). Framework of these
protocols with respect to their packet cost is also presented in this work. A
novel contribution of this work is enhancement of chosen protocols to obtain
efficient behavior. Extensive simulation work is done to prove and compare the
efficiency in terms of high throughput of enhanced versions with default
versions of protocols in NS-2. For this comparison, we choose three performance
metrics; throughput, End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized Routing Load (NRL)
in different mobilities and scalabilities. Finally, we deduce that enhanced DSR
(DSR-mod) outperforms other protocols by achieving 16% more packet delivery for
all scalabilities and 28% more throughput in selected mobilities than original
version of DSR (DSR-orig)