61 research outputs found
Is fear of a potential predator (Dog) "innate"in sheep?
International audienc
Les réactions de peur chez le cheval. Mesures, facteurs de variation et possibilités de modulation
National audienc
Influences hormonales sur la conduite agonistiques et les relations sociales chez les ongules.
National audienc
La relation Homme-Animal. Conséquences et possibilités d'amélioration
La qualitĂ© de la relation Homme-Animal et le comportement de lâĂ©leveur sont des facteurs importants Ă prendre en compte dans les diffĂ©rents systĂšmes de production, car ils ont un impact sur la productivitĂ©, la santĂ© et le bien-ĂȘtre des animaux. Une mauvaise qualitĂ© de la relation Homme-Animal se traduit en particulier par des rĂ©actions de peur des animaux. DiffĂ©rentes mĂ©thodes ont Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©es pour Ă©valuer ces rĂ©actions en prĂ©sence dâun humain ; elles reposent sur des critĂšres comportementaux (distance de fuite, latence dâapproche, temps passĂ© Ă proximitĂ©, rĂ©action Ă la contention, etc...) et physiologiques (frĂ©quence cardiaque,cortisolĂ©mie). La qualitĂ© de la relation Homme-Animal est influencĂ©e par les conditions dâĂ©levage, dâentretien, la personnalitĂ© et lâattitude de lâĂ©leveur, lâexpĂ©rience de lâanimal, la nature des contacts antĂ©rieurs et enfin par le patrimoine gĂ©nĂ©tique. Elle a pour consĂ©quence des rĂ©actions de stress qui, Ă leur tour, entraĂźnent des baisses de performances dans des domaines divers (production,reproduction).Il est possible dâamĂ©liorer la relation Homme-Animal en modifiant lâattitude de lâĂ©leveur, par des techniques dâhabituation, dâapprentissage, par lâĂ©tablissement de liens privilĂ©giĂ©s grĂące Ă des manipulations neutres ou plaisantes Ă des pĂ©riodes particuliĂšres de la vie de lâanimal.ur lâavoine et le sorgho.The quality of Human-Animal relationships and the attitude of the stock-person are important factors to take into account in the various production systems as they have an impact on productivity, health and welfare of the animals. A poor Human-Animal relationship is mainly reflected in fear reactions of the animals. Various methods to evaluate fear in the presence of a human have been developped; they include behavioural(flight distance, latency to approach, time spent near a human, reactions to handling, etc...) as well as physiological (heart rate, cortisol levels) criteria. Human-Animal relationship is influenced by rearing conditions, environmental factors, experience, nature of previous contacts, genetic factors and finally by attitude and personality of the stock-person. A poor Human-Animal relationship results in stress reactions, which is turn lead to a reduction in production It is possible to improve Human-Animal relationships through modification of the stock-personâs attitude, by means of habituation and learning processes, and by the establishment of bonds during sensitive periods of the animalâs life
Relations sociales, conduites agressives et réactivité émotionnelle chez les ongulés : influence des stéroïdes sexuels
National audienceAside from their effects on sexual motivation and reproductive behaviour, sex steroids influence a variety of other behaviours, especially social relationships, agonistic behaviour and emotional reactivity Our knowledge of the hormonal influences on these behaviours in ungulates is somewhat fragmentary despite the fact that the endocrine system of the domestic species is well known. However, the importance of understanding the behaviours that are susceptible to be influenced by sex steroids is evident for the efficient management of domestic species. There are well established sex differences in aggressive behaviour, dominance ability, social role and fear reactions. These differences are influenced by androgens. Variations in agonistic and territorial behaviour related to natural variations in hormonal levels have been demonstrated in many species. Experimental manipulation of hormonal levels by castration and hormone replacement therapy, and experimental hormonal treatments have confirmed the role of sex steroids. In particular, treatment of both males and females with androgens enhances their dominance ability and reduces their fear reactions in both social and non social situations. Moreover, this effect persists long after the end of treatment. It is possible to influence the future social rank of an animal by giving it such a treatment. However, the mechanisms by which androgens act remain unclear. Since male animals are being increasingly reared in groups, the study of the relationship between androgens and aggressiveness is of particular interest. In addition, emotional reactivity is involved in the ability of the animals to adapt to their environment. The study of the factors (including sex steroids) capable of influencing this intermediate variable is therefore important in order to develop management techniques which take animal welfare into account.A cĂŽtĂ© de leurs effets sur la motivation sexuelle et la rĂ©alisation des conduites de reproduction, les stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels affectent de nombreux autres aspects du !omportement, en particulier les relations sociales, les conduites agressives et la rĂ©activitĂ© Ă©motionnelle. Nos connaissances dans ce domaine, en ce qui concerne les OngulĂ©s, ne sont que relativement rĂ©centes et souvent fragmentaires, bien que lâimportance des comportements influencĂ©s par les stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels soit Ă©vidente pour la gestion des espĂšces domestiques. Il existe des diffĂ©rences sexuelles dans les comportements agressifs, le rĂŽle social quâexercent les individus, et la rĂ©activitĂ© Ă©motionnelle. Ces diffĂ©rences sont sous la dĂ©pendance des androgĂšnes. On a en effet pu mettre en Ă©vidence des variations des comportements territoriaux et agressifs avec les variations naturelles des niveaux hormonaux. Par ailleurs, des interventions telles que la castration ou des traitements hormonaux chez lâadulte, le jeune ou mĂȘme in utero, ont confirmĂ© lâinfluence des stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels. En particulier, les traitements par des androgĂšnes accroissent lâaptitude Ă la dominance des mĂąles et des femelles, et rĂ©duisent les rĂ©actions de peur dans les deux sexes en situations sociales ou non sociales. De plus, cet effet persiste aprĂšs lâarrĂȘt des traitements et il est ainsi possible dâinfluencer Ă long terme le rang social dâun animal. Le mode dâaction des androgĂšnes est cependant mal connu. Compte tenu de la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de lâĂ©levage des mĂąles en groupes, lâĂ©tude des relations entre androgĂšnes et conduites agressives sâavĂšre nĂ©cessaire. Par ailleurs, la rĂ©activitĂ© Ă©motionnelle qui peut Ă©galement ĂȘtre influencĂ©e par les stĂ©roĂŻdes sexuels, intervient dans lâadaptation de lâanimal Ă son milieu. Son Ă©tude, ainsi que celle de ses facteurs de variation, sâinscrit donc dans le cadre des recherches qui visent Ă dĂ©velopper des techniques respectueuses du bien-ĂȘtre animal
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