Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from food in Morocco

Background: Salmonellosis remains one of the most frequent food-borne diseases worldwide, especially in developing countries. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from food can potentially compromise the treatment of these infections. This investigation was conducted for the first time in Morocco both to detect the occurrence of Salmonella in foods as well as to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of the Salmonella isolates. Methodology: In total, 11,516 food samples collected from 2002 to 2005 were investigated. Isolated Salmonella were characterized by serotyping and susceptibilities were determined for 15 antimicrobial drugs using the disc diffusion assay. Results: The overall percentage of Salmonella prevalence (n=105) was 0.91% with rates of 71% for slaughterhouses and 9% for seafood. Sixteen different serotypes were identified among 104 Salmonella enterica isolates including serotypes Infantis (n=25), Bredeney (n=13), Blokley (n=11), Typhimurium (n=9), Mbandaka (n=8), Branderup II (n=7), and Kiambu (n=6); 1 isolate of Salmonella enterica belonged to subspecies II salamae. Twenty-nine percent of isolates (n=30/105) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Resistance to tetracycline was the most common finding (21%), followed by resistance to ampicillin (13%), amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (9%), streptomycin (7%), chloramphenicol (4%) and nalidixic acid (3,8%). None of the isolates was resistant to 3rd-cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones (i.e. ciprofloxacin). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 9.5% of the isolates, mainly in S. Typhimurium DT104 with R-type ACSSuT and S. Hadar. Conclusions: Despite a low frequency of Salmonella isolation, S. Typhimurium DT104 was identified in the first step of the food chain. The study points out the need control antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated from food in Morocco to avoid the spread of MDR

Ceftazidime-Resistant Salmonella enterica, Morocco

International audienceTo the Editor: Many thanks for your interesting and informative special section on infectious diseases in the Amazon Region (1). Your readers should also be interested in a little known, but extremely successful, sustainable health program that had its start in the Amazon. In 1942, the governments of Brazil and the United States agreed to establish a special service for public health (called the Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública). The purpose of this program was to improve health conditions in key areas in the Amazon, expedite the collection and export of native rubber, and counteract the growing influence of Nazi Germany in Latin America (2). The program spread to the Vale do Rio Doce, where there were resources of iron ore, mica, and optical quartz, which were important for the war effort. Although the program eventually moved to all states of Brazil, the Amazon program remained an important activity for ≈50 years before it was integrated into the Brazilian Ministry of Health (3). The program in the Amazon fo-cused primarily on infectious disease. It comprised programs of immunization , provision of small sustainable water systems, development of privy programs (sewer systems in the larger centers of population), malaria control , improvement of residences and living conditions for Chagas disease control, epidemiologic intelligence, and extensive training for auxiliary and professional personnel. The effects of this program are shown by the increase in life expectancy for all age groups, with an increase of >10 years for those childhood age groups for whom infectious disease control would have the greatest effect from 1939–1941 to 1950–1951 (4). This program contains many lessons for the planners of health and disease control projects in tropical, low-income countries

Campylobacter spp. in food products of animal origin

En dépit des recherches déjà conduites au cours des 30 dernières années, la campylobactériose est l'infection bactérienne d'origine alimentaire la plus répandue dans le monde. Cependant, on connait peu de choses des caractéristiques du Campylobacter et de sa survie apparemment fragile dans la chaîne alimentaire. Ce travail bibliographique se propose de faire le point sur les caractéristiques du genre&nbsp; Campylobacter, sa prévalence dans les denrées alimentaires, la campylobactériose humaine, ainsi que de décliner des éléments de l’évaluation du risque Campylobacters thermophiles. L’évaluation du risque Campylobacter s’avère, comme pour tout autre risque zoonotique alimentaire, primordiale afin d’évaluer l’impact en santé publique de ce danger et d’orienter les choix de maîtrise et de gestion liés à ce pathogène au niveau de la chaîne alimentaire. Mots clés&nbsp;: Campylobacter spp.,campylobactériose humaine,prévalence,aliment.Despite research already conducted within the last 30 years, campylobacteriosis remains the most common bacterial foodborne infection in the world. Little is known about the characteristics of Campylobacter and the survival of this apparently fragile organism in the food chain. The present literature review aims at updating information on the genus Campylobacter, its characteristics, prevalence in food, and on human campylobacteriosis. It also presents an overview of the risk assessment of thermophilic Campylobacter.The risk assessment of Campylobacter, is of major importance in evaluating the impact in public health and in determining choices for control and management strategies in the food chain.&nbsp; Keywords: Campylobacter spp., Human campylobacteriosis, prevalence, foo

Campylobacter coli and jejuni in the chicken in Morocco

Le tube digestif des animaux de boucherie et de la volaille constitue un réservoir majeur des Campylobacter qui représentent l’une des principales causes de maladies diarrhéiques au niveau mondial. La présente &nbsp;étude a consisté en une analyse de 102 souches de Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) isolées des fientes fraiches de poulet de chair au niveau du marché du gros de Casablanca, &nbsp;et de 75 souches de Campylobacter coli (CC) isolées à partir de prélèvements cloacaux de poulet de chair des fermes avicoles dans la région de Marrakech – Safi. La prévalence notifiée de Campylobacter spp. des deux études réalisées au marché de gros de Casablanca et dans les élevages de poulet de chair à Marrakech -Safi est respectivement: 73% (102/140) et 71,4% (75/105). Les résultats des tests de sensibilité aux antibiotiques de CJ et CC respectivement sont: 85%&nbsp;- 100% à l’ampicilline, 61,4% - 65% à l’acide clavulanique, 100% - 86% à la tétracycline, 77% à la ciprofloxacine, 12% - 9% à la gentamycine et 97% - 100% à l’érythromycine. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter une synthèse des connaissances sur la résistance de Campylobacter dans la filière poulet à travers les souches isolées provenant du marché de gros à Casablanca et des fermes de poulet de chair dans la région de Marrakech-Safi. Mots clés: Campylobacter, résistance aux antibiotiques, poulet de chair, MarocThe digestive tract of birds and animals represents a major reservoir of Campylobacter species which are among the main causes of diarrheal diseases worldwide. The present study consisted in analyzing 102 strains of Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) isolated from fresh broiler chicken droppings in the wholesale market of Casablanca, and from 75 strains of Campylobacter coli (CC) isolated from broiler chicken cloacal samples in the area of Marrakech – Safi. The reported prevalences of Campylobacter spp. in the studies carried out at the wholesale market of Casablanca and in the broiler chicken farms of the area of Marrakech -Safi were: 73% (102/140) and 71.4% (75/105) respectively. Results of antibiotic sensitivity tests of CJ et CC were: 85%&nbsp;- 100% to ampicillin, 61,4% - 65% to clavulanic acid, 100%-86% to tetracycline, 77% to ciprofloxacin, 12%-9% to gentamycin and&nbsp; 97% - 100% to erythromycin. The aim of the present study was to present a knowledge synthesis of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in the broiler meat sector through the strains isolated obtained from the wholesale market of Casablanca along with the broiler farms in the area of Marrakech-Safi

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter coli isolated from broiler farms in the Marrakesh Safi region, Morocco

Background and Aim: Campylobacteriosis is a common foodborne disease epidemiologically linked to the consumption of poultry products. However, other sources, such as raw or contaminated milk, contaminated water or ice, contact with infected livestock, and pets, are reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and resistance to microbial resistance of Campylobacter coliM in broiler farms in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between May and December 2017 and involved 35 broiler farms. One hundred and five cloacal swabs were collected from the eight provinces in the region of Marrakesh Safi, Morocco. Bacteriology method NM ISO/TS 10272-3: 2013 was used to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. Molecular identification (polymerase chain reaction) was used for confirmation. A disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar was used for susceptibility testing. Five antibiotic agents, including first-line drugs, were evaluated. Results: Among 105 samples, 71.4% (75/105) were positive for Campylobacter spp. test and 56% (42/75) of isolates belonged to the species coli. Susceptibility profiles showed that 95.2% of C. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin, 92.8% to erythromycin and tetracycline, 85.7% to ciprofloxacin, and 7.1% to gentamicin. Conclusion: This study underlines the need to strengthen implementation of specific control procedures to decrease contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter spp. and to reduce the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector