De quels troubles psychiatriques souffrent les personnes détenues en France ?

The presence of detainees suffering from psychiatric disorders has been observed since the birth of the modern prison system, and the numbers have fluctuated since then, depending on the evolution of psychiatric facilities and the French legislative framework. As of January 1, 2022, almost 70,000 people were incarcerated in the 187 French correctional institutions in metropolitan and overseas France. Many psychiatric disorders are over-represented in the correctional population compared to the general population, and they include disorders such as depressive, psychotic, bipolar, post-traumatic stress, and substance abuse disorders together with neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Thomas Fovet and Marion Eck discuss this phenomenon based on recent epidemiological data and their personal experience. Some specific clinical aspects of psychiatry in the correctional environment are also discussed

Ductile damage parameters identification for cold metal forming applications

International audienceDuctile damage mechanics is essential to predict failure during cold metal forming applications. Several damage models can be found in the literature. These damage models are coupled with the mechanical behavior so as to model the progressive softening of the material due to damage growth. However, the identification of damage parameters remains an issue. In this paper, an inverse analysis approach is set-up to identify ductile damage parameters, based on different kind of mechanical tests and observables. The Lemaitre damage model is used and damage is coupled with the material behavior. The Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) method is used in a parallel environment. This global algorithm based on kriging meta-model enables the identification of a set of damage parameters based on experimental observables. Global and local observables are used to identify these parameters and a special attention is paid to the computation of the cost function. Finally, an identification procedure based on displacement field measurements is presented and applied for damage parameters identification

Laser-Ultrasonics for Industrial Applications

Increased use of advanced materials and more stringent requirements for process and quality control are creating new needs for nondestructive inspection techniques. Ultrasonics is a widely used technique for defect detection in various materials and is being developed, and even in some cases actually applied for microstructural characterization. However, ultrasonics in its present state of implementation in industry suffers several limitations. Probing materials at elevated temperature is made difficult by fluid coupling problems. Inspecting specimens of complex shapes requires sophisticated robotic manipulators to properly orient the transducer. Furthermore, since the technique relies on a piezoelectric resonator to generate and receive ultrasound, it does not have the adequate bandwidth or sensitivity for some applications

Simulation de la mise en forme et de la tenue mécanique de pièces obtenues par semi-découpe

National audienceLe procédé de semi-découpe de tôles d'acier est utilisé pour la mise en forme de composants de sièges d'automobiles. La tenue mécanique sous sollicitation radiale de pièces semi- découpées est étudiée par la réalisation d'essais de mise en forme et d'arrachement. La réponse des pièces aux sollicitations est prédite par simulation numérique. La prise en compte de la mise en forme dans la simulation de l'arrachement entraîne un gain de rigidité en adéquation avec l'expérience. La rupture des pièces intervient dans une zone de faible triaxialite.See http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/27/17/ANNEX/r_VB1CWP70.pd

Numerical Simulation and Optimization of the Forging Process

International audienceThe objective of optimizing automatically industrial forming conditions in order to achieve a desired objective goal is now possible due to continuous increase of fast and parallel computers. Optimization requires that the computer simulation is accurate enough, that the material behavior is precisely identified and that the optimization parameters are properly selected. To achieve the first goal, the fundamental mechanical assumptions and the basic principles of three-dimensional finite element discretization are briefly recalled. Several important numerical developments for efficient computation of large plastic deformation are mentioned. The second requirement is fulfilled not only by experimental tests and identification of the material parameters of the constitutive law. Is it also necessary to predict the possible onset of defects such as cracking by introducing damage modeling. Before optimization, a parameter sensitivity analysis must be performed in order to select the most important factors: shape of the preform, tools geometry, etc. The practical optimization can be carried out by a evolutionary algorithm technique associated with a surface response method. Several examples of applications will be presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure with the FORGE3 computer code. The optimization criterion can be on the forming force, on the material weight or on the final strength of the part

Measuring bath properties using the STARprobe TM

Abstract Since the beginning of 2012, STAS is the world distributor of the STARprobe TM developed by Alcoa During those campaigns, the STARprobe TM bath properties measurements have been compared with standard bath properties measurements regularly carried out in those smelters operated by different aluminium producers. Those independent comparative measurements all confirmed the capacity of the STARprobe TM to instantaneously and accurately measure Superheat, Temperature, Alumina concentration and bath Ratio for cell control purposes

Sport psychology: A psychologist at the Olympic Games (part II)

Access to high level sport goes hand in hand with athlete’s personal history. The literature reports two types of access: heirs and non-heirs. Heirs are athletes who have inherited the sporting background of their family and non-heirs are those who have been inspired or even encouraged by a significant adult. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Maroussia Pare ́ , top athlete in athletics and psychologist, discusses her encounter with athletics and her access to high-level sport. Between early naivety, adolescence, fears and exploits, it shows how the other side is not always what one can imagine and that passion can be severely tested. Emotional experiences, as well as the cognitive demands inherent in the practice, constitute a real object of attention for psychologists who support athletes.University of the Western Cap

A serial model of the interrelationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and psychological distress among teachers in South Africa

The current study examined the serial relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and psychological distress among schoolteachers. Participants were South African school teachers (N = 355) who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Depression Scale. A path analysis confirmed that teachers who appraised themselves as more susceptible to disease experienced heightened levels of fear of COVID-19, which led to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Specifically, germ aversion and perceived infectability were separately associated with heightened fear of COVID-19, which in turn was associated with heightened anxiety. This serial relationship was associated with heightened levels of hopelessness and depression. The current study extends research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among a distinct subgroup of the population

Accompagnement virtuel personnalisé: motivation et réussite scolaire

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 21 juin 2007)Également disponible en format papierMédiagraphi