Aperçu Sur La Place De La Demarche D’investigation En Sciences Experimentales Dans L’enseignement Du Secondaire Qualifiant Cas De L’academie De La Ville De Fes

The investigative approach (DI) demonstrates more and more its potential in teaching. Indeed, it enables students to develop skills, attitudes and interests, which are necessary to live in a society increasingly dependent on the applications of science. This study falls within the framework of research studies questioning the application of the investigative approach in the teaching of science in Morocco. In this work, we aim to highlight the representations of secondary school teachers about the concept of investigative approach, see whether this approach is adopted or not in the teaching of experimental sciences disciplines (Science of life and earth, Science of physics and chemistry) and determine the constraints and the obstacles to its implementation. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was drawn up and was the subject of an exploratory study among 45 teachers of experimental sciences practicing in different secondary schools in Fez city. The results of this survey reveal, firstly, that the teachers questioned seem to have confusions about the investigation process and secondly, they highlight the presence of a set of constraints and difficulties which prevent its application in the classroom

Etude Du Savoir À Enseigner Cas De La Liaison Chimique

The objective of this work is to identify the components of the knowledge to be taught relating to the concept of chemical bonding and its associated concepts in specialized reference books intended for the cycle of bachelor's and preparatory classes. The reference works analyzed were chosen in such a way that the publishing years covered a long period. Examination of these works revealed that there is a clear discrepancy in the content of instruction. The definitions of chemical bonding in reference books depend on the dates of publication of each book. In addition, the set of concepts associated with chemical bonding appears to have several definitions that are sometimes different in the background and may cause learning barriers

Molecular Modeling of Antimalarial Agents by 3D-QSAR Study and Molecular Docking of Two Hybrids 4-Aminoquinoline-1,3,5-triazine and 4-Aminoquinoline-oxalamide Derivatives with the Receptor Protein in Its Both Wild and Mutant Types

Modeling studies using 3D-QSAR and molecular docking methods were performed on a set of 34 hybrids of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives previously studied as effective antimalarial agents of wild type and quadruple mutant Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). So, the famous mathematical method multiple linear regression (MLR) was explored to build the QSAR model. The DFT-B3LYP method with the basis set 6-31G was used to calculate the quantum chemical descriptors, chosen to represent the electronic descriptors of molecular structures. On the contrary, the MM2 method was used to calculate lipophilic, geometrical, physicochemical, and steric descriptors. The QSAR model tested with artificial neural network (ANN) method shows high performance towards its predictability. The predicted model was confirmed by three validation methods: leave-one-out (LOO) cross validation, Y-randomization, and validation external. The molecular docking study of three compounds 9, 11, and 26 on both wild and quadruple mutant types of pf-DHFR-TS as the protein target helps to understand more and then predict the binding modes with the binding sites