BEHAVIOUR OF SOME WALNUT, HAZELNUT AND SWEET CHESTNUT CULTIVARS UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FROM SOUTH OF ROMANIA

The nut crops are important for their valuable fruits and for their potential to increase the economic growth of Romania. The Southern part of Romania which includes the regions of Oltenia and Muntenia is known for its favourable conditions for fruit growing and in particular for nut crops like walnut, hazelnut and sweet chestnut. During the last two decades at University of Craiova - SCDP Vâlcea several cultivars trials were set up in order to compare the Romanian and foreign cultivars and to establish the most favourable ones for culture in this part of the country. This study presents the behaviour of 19 walnut cultivars (9 Romanian ones and 10 of foreignorigin), 19 hazelnut cultivars (8 Romanian and 11 foreign ones) and 11 cultivars and hybrids of sweet chestnut (3 Romanian and 8 of foreign origin). Due to the results obtained several cultivars of walnut, hazelnut and sweet chestnut are recommended to be propagated and planted into the orchards from southern part of Romania

REACTION OF SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES GROWN IN VÂLCEA AREA AT GNOMONIA LEPTOSTYLA CES. ET DE NOT PATHOGEN ATTACK

The studies were conducted at the Research Fruit  Growing the Station of Valcea, under the climatic conditions of the year 2015 and focused response of walnut cultivars and selections with different origins to the attack the of  Gnomonia leptostyla Ces.et de Not factor causative of the disease called "brown staining of leaves" or "walnut anthracnose." Field observations were carried out at moments of maximum vulnerability to the disease (June and September) and followed up on the attack on leaves and fruits per genotype under natural infection. At the two moments of observation,  it was noted the frequency (F%) and the intensity (I%) of the pathogen attack based on which a was the calculated degree of attack (GA%), the values thereof reflecting the reaction of the cultivars to the attack of the pathogen

THE FAVORABILITY OF THE VITICOL YEAR 2018 FOR THE CULTURE OF WINE IN THE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN THE MURFATLAR VITICULTURAL AREA

The culture of the vine in an ecological system requires particularly favorable climatic conditions that allow the growth, development and maturation of the grapes under optimal conditions. To do this, the climatic conditions must limit as much as possible the development of diseases and pests. Therefore, the temperature regime and the water regime are prime factors for the favorability of a wine-growing area. Research has shown that the year 2018 was particularly warm but also with a surplus of rainfall, especially during the growing season, which also led to a decrease in the duration of the sun's brightness. Therefore, the year 2018 was more favorable to the ecological system for the white varieties and less favorable for the red varieties

Determination of Apomictic Fruit Set Ratio in Several Romanian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars

carried out to determine the ability of apomictic fruit setting in twelve Romanian walnut cultivars. ‘Sibisel 44’, ‘Geoagiu 65’, ‘Germisara’, ‘Muscelean’, ‘Sarmis’, ‘Valcor’, ‘Valmit’, ‘Valrex’, ‘Jupanesti’, ‘Velnita’, ‘Orastie’ and ‘Argesean’ cultivars were used in the experiment. Female flowers were isolated with pergament paper bags and the apomictic fruit set was determined 8 weeks after anthesis. The apomixis degree was determined as the number of fruit calculated in relation to the number of isolated flowers. The percentage of apomictic fruit set without pollination in cultivars analyzed is low, ranging from 7.86% (‘Orastie’ cultivar) up to 12.46% (‘Jupanesti’ cultivar). The results indicated that apomictic fruit set is insufficient for economical seed and crop production in these Romanian walnut cultivars

THE INFLUENCE OF AGEING ON LEES ON THE QUALITY OF WHITE WINES FROM THE MURFATLAR VINEYARD

Ageing of wines on lees allows the release of different compounds such as mannoproteins and polysaccharides into wines during yeast autolysis. Yeasts can release polysaccharides, mainly mannoproteins, from the cell wall, not only during autolysis but also during alcoholic fermentation of the must. The polysaccharides released and more particularly the mannoproteins are wall constituents of yeast. We followed the effect of ageing on lees in 3 white wines from the Mulrfatlar vineyard, vintage 2020. We adopted 3 different maturation periods on yeasts: 10, 20 and 30 days. The results show that this technique offers great prospects for improving the quality of white wines

THE INFLUENCE OF MACERATION DURATION ON THE QUALITY OF RED WINES FROM THE MURFATLAR VINEYARD

Maceration is the main technological stage in red vinification. The duration of maceration is the main technological factor that influences the intensity of extraction of phenolic compounds and aromas from grapes. In this study we applied different maceration times to the vinification of three red varieties from the Murfatlar vineyard and we found significant differences between wines in terms of composition and sensory properties

THE EVOLUTION OF GRAPES RIPENING DURING GROWING SEASON 2021 IN DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD

Harvesting grapes at optimum maturity is an essential condition for obtaining wines of the desired quality. The ripening of the grapes is a dynamic process, that is why the physico-chemical parameters followed for the evaluation of the quantity and quality of the harvest are constantly changing both in terms of their values and the relationships between them. Harvesting grapes at maturity corresponding to the type of wine to be obtained requires rigorous monitoring of the dynamics of maturation. In the Drăgășani vineyard, the local varieties, older or newer, enjoy a special appreciation. In order to be able to highlight its full qualitative potential, harvesting grapes at optimal maturity is the first condition, especially in the wine-growing years characterized by special climatic conditions, such as 2021

RESEARCH ON THE PHENOLOGY OF THE VARIETIES CULTIVATED IN ECOLOGICAL AND CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM IN THE GROWING SEASONS 2018 IN THE MURFATLAR VITICULTURAL AREA

The study carried out in the vintage 2018 in the Murfatlar winegrowing area included 6 varieties and two culture systems: conventional and ecological. The evolution of the phenological stages in the 6 varieties showed that the duration of the growing season, from the budburst to the fall of the leaves was between 196 and 205 days, depending on the variety. The conventional or ecological culture system had no influence on the duration of the phenological stages