О становлении трансплантологии в Украине: юридические аспекты

Рассмотрены основные аспекты развития трансплантологии, их положительное и отрицательное влияние на прогресс пересадки органов в странах с различным уровнем развития демократических принципов. Показано значение юридических проблем в развитии клинической и экспериментальной трансплантологии.Main aspects of transplantology development, their favorable and unfavorable influence on the process of organ transplantation in the countries with different level of democracy are featured. Significance of legal problems in clinical and experimental transplantology is shown

‘Shifting logics in criminal justice’: Introduction to the special issue

Peer reviewed: True In this piece, we introduce a special issue celebrating Professor Joanna Shapland’s 40-year contribution to criminology and criminal justice. It is derived from an international conference hosted by the Centre for Criminological Research at the University of Sheffield on ‘Shifting Logics in Criminal Justice’, which took place on 12–14 April 2023. In the introduction, we reflect on Joanna Shapland’s contributions to the fields of victims, restorative justice, desistance and policing, before providing an overview of the seven papers in the special issue that examine these key themes in her research. There are three papers on the theme of desistance, respectively, by Robin G�lnander, Stephen Farrall and Laura Abrams; two on on policing by Pieter Leloup, and by Jacque de Maillard and Megan O’Neill; and two on restorative justice by Rebecca Banwell-Moore, and by Joanna Shapland, Jamie Buchan, Steve Kirwood and Estelle Zinsstag. </jats:p

A desistance paradigm for offender management

In an influential article published in the British Journal of Social Work in 1979, Anthony Bottoms and Bill McWilliams proposed the adoption of a ‘non-treatment paradigm’ for probation practice. Their argument rested on a careful and considered analysis not only of empirical evidence about the ineffectiveness of rehabilitative treatment but also of theoretical, moral and philosophical questions about such interventions. By 1994, emerging evidence about the potential effectiveness of some intervention programmes was sufficient to lead Peter Raynor and Maurice Vanstone to suggest significant revisions to the ‘non-treatment paradigm’. In this article, it is argued that a different but equally relevant form of empirical evidence—that derived from desistance studies—suggests a need to re-evaluate these earlier paradigms for probation practice. This reevaluation is also required by the way that such studies enable us to understand and theorize both desistance itself and the role that penal professionals might play in supporting it. Ultimately, these empirical and theoretical insights drive us back to the complex interfaces between technical and moral questions that preoccupied Bottoms and McWilliams and that should feature more prominently in contemporary debates about the futures of ‘offender management’ and of our penal systems

Electronic mentoring of offenders : the Scottish experience.

After summarizing the development of electronic monitoring as a penal measure in England and Wales and elsewhere, the article presents the main findings of evaluative research on pilots of restriction of liberty orders with electronic monitoring in three Sheriff Courts in Scotland. The evaluation found that fewer orders were made than the contractors who supplied the equipment had expected, and that it was rare for orders to be completed without some breach of their requirements. Younger offenders, and those with serious criminal records, were less likely to complete orders successfully. Although there was no consensus about the types of offence or offender for whom the orders were most suitable, they were generally imposed on young men for whom the alternative would have been a custodial sentence or another high-tariff community penalty. It was estimated that the orders replaced custody in about 40 per cent of cases, but they would only produce a cost saving if the sentences they replaced were relatively long. Offenders and their families generally welcomed the orders, since they believed them to be alternatives to custody. The policy implications of the research are discussed, in the context of more general reflections on the issues raised by electronic tagging